PKC9Uf<<refs.MYD? Abbott, I.2000Improving the conservation of threatened and rare mammal species through translocation to islands: case study Western Australia195-201Biological Conservation9326translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaAprSystematic study of the islands of Western Australia indicates the occurrence of 254 islands 100 ha or larger in area, with 90% in tropical seas. All but eight and 16 of these islands are free of the exotic carnivores, red fox Vulpes vulpes and cat Felis catus respectively. The few inshore islands to which these predators have spread naturally are instructive in deducing the swimming capability of the fox and cat. When distance from mainland is considered (greater than or equal to 1 km or greater than or equal to 2 km), 147 or 122 islands offer potential as sites for establishing populations of mammal species not otherwise represented on islands and with restricted distribution on mainland Western Australia. A procedure for selecting appropriate islands for translocation is outlined, emphasizing those islands without significant biological characteristics such as large colonies of nesting seabirds and the occurrence of native mammal species, but also considering island area, degree of isolation and habitats present. A prioritized list of candidate species of native terrestrial mammals, based on size of geographical range, natural absence from any Western Australian island, and the degree to which current threatening processes are not being addressed successfully, is provided for more detailed consideration. Because the cat and fox have occurred on the mainland coast of Western Australia for > 100 years and ca. 70 years respectively, it is suggested that islands within swimming distance and not yet occupied by these predators are unlikely to be colonized. These islands should therefore be considered as possible translocation sites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000086153000006ISI:000086153000006?kAnstee, S. Armstrong, K.2001The effect of familiarity and mound condition in translocations of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia135-140Wildlife Research2826translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania.Translocations play an important role in the conservation of endangered species, and successful translocations are dependent on research into their response to such manipulations. The development of Hamersley Iron's Yandi Iron Ore Project in the Pilbara region of Western Australia provided a unique opportunity to study the response of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, to translocation. The translocation tested the effect of levels of individual familiarity within translocation groups on translocation success. A key part of the translocation involved the use of competent burrow systems in empty mounds. Success was measured by comparing the long-term survival, reproductive activity and site fidelity between treatments. Of 101 mice translocated, 65% were recaptured at least once post-release. Both the translocated and resident non-translocated groups had experienced a significant loss of individuals after 35 days; however, estimates of rates of survival after 176 days had increased to levels equivalent to those immediately following release. Eight mice were recaptured at, or close to, their points of release 6 months post-release. Reproductive activity was recorded in 13 of the 29 (44%) translocated females recaptured post-release, which was equivalent to that observed in non-translocated mice. Familiarity within translocation groups did not appear to affect translocation success as all treatments had similar rates of survival. This study demonstrated that successful translocations of P. chapmani are possible given a competent burrow system.://000168859000003ISI:000168859000003~?Hammer, M. P. Walker, K. F.2004mA catalogue of South Australian freshwater fishes, including new records, range extensions and translocations85-974Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia1283translocation reintroduction fish Australia OceaniaNov 30/Published data, recent surveys and studies of museum specimens are combined to provide a list of 84 fishes for South Australia in five drainage divisions. The list includes 58 native species (44 restricted to freshwater) and 26 alien species. Seven endemics are recognised, namely Chlomydogobius eremius (Zeitz), Chlamydogobius gloveri Larson, Cralerocephalus dalhousiensis lvanstoff & Glover, Craterocelphalus eyresii (Steindachner), Craterocephalus gloveri Crowley & Ivanstoff, Mogurnda thermphila Allen & Jenkins and Neosilurus gloveri Allen & Feinberg. New records are reported for Cralerocephalus stercusmuscarum stercusmuscarum (Gunther), Galaxias trutaceus Valenciennes and Neochanna cleaveri (Scott), and a terapontid of uncertain status also is noted. Range extensions are reported for Nannoperca obscura (Klunzinger), Nannoperca australis Gunther and an undescribed species of Hypseleotris, and the presence of Galaxias olidus Gunther and Galaxias brevipinnis Gunther in particular regions is confirmed. Possible extirpations are reported for Ambaysis agassizii Steindachner, Gadopsis marmoratus Richardson, Galaxias rostratus Klunzinger, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier), Macquaria australasica Cuvier, Mogurnda adspersa (Castelnau), Neochanna cleaveri and Prototroctes maraena Gunther. There is need for further evaluations of fish distributions, better systematic frameworks, clarifications of conservation status, reviews of the introduction and impacts of alien species and development of protective measures for fish species and communities and their ecosystems.://000225540100002Part 2ISI:000225540100002?k%Jusaitis, M. Polomka, L. Sorensen, B.2004|Habitat specificity, seed germination and experimental translocation of the endangered herb Brachycome muelleri (Asteraceae)251-266Biological Conservation11625translocation reintroduction plants Australia OceaniaAprBrachycome muelleri Sonder (Corunna daisy) is an endangered annual herb, endemic to the upper Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. It is restricted to a single population occupying an area of approximately 3 ha on steep, south-facing cliff-foot slopes of the Baxter Hills. Its unique habitat, within an otherwise generally and region, optimises soil moisture retention through the provision of concentrated water catchment, shade, and low evaporation rates during the growing season. Weeds had the potential to significantly disrupt recruitment, growth and reproductive output, but grazing did not constitute a direct threat to the population. Fresh seeds were innately dormant, requiring a period of after-ripening before they would germinate. Dormancy was artificially broken by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) treatment. Germination was optimal at 20degreesC, and it was proposed that temperature plays an important role in regulating germination in situ. B. muelleri seeds did not respond to smoked water treatment, and GA(3) (1000 mg l(-1)) was recommended as a routine seed treatment to stimulate germination. Trial translocations using seed as founder propagules resulted in low establishment, growth and flowering rates. Established seedlings provided several advantages over seed as founder propagules, including higher success rates, more vigorous growth, and improved seed yields in the first season. Successful regeneration, proliferation and expansion of a new translocated population was observed and recorded over four consecutive years. We suggest that conservation management of this species should include the establishment of several new populations by translocation to suitable, isolated, weed-free sites. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000188084200011ISI:000188084200011?Lapidge, S. J.2005qReintroduction increased vitamin E and condition in captive-bred yellow-footed rock wallabies Petrogale xanthopus56-64Oryx3916translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaJanWelfare implications of reintroduction are primarily unknown, although reportedly negative. Few studies have described physiological changes in captivebred animals post-release and consequently the impact of reintroduction on captive-bred animals is not well understood. Such information is crucial to understanding whether reintroduction constitutes ethical practice. For these reasons two physiological indices associated with animal health, plasma vitamin E concentration (PVEC) or alpha-Tocopherol, and general condition scores, were monitored in reintroduced captive-bred yellow-footed rock wallabies Petrogale xanthopus celeris and P. x. xanthopus pre- and post-release. PVEC was chosen because deficiencies are common in captive animals compared to their wild counterparts, and have been linked to stress, mycipathy, neuronal degeneration, low reproduction, anaernia and death. Changes in physical condition, within this study indicated principally by mass variation, coat condition, and reproductive status, but also parasite load, visible stress, lethargy and diarrhoea, have also not been reported for captive-bred animals reintroduced to the wild. Captive-bred yellow-footed rock wallabies reintroduced to areas of their former range in Queensland and South Australia showed a rapid and sustained increase in PVEC and physical condition, with post-release values significantly higher than pre-release captive levels. Post-release values for both parameters did not significantly differ from that of wild counterparts. Hence I conclude that there was no welfare implications related to the observed parameters in these reintroductions, rather the opposite.://000226951300015ISI:000226951300015=?Moro, D.2003|Translocation of captive-bred dibblers Parantechinus apicalis (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) to Escape Island, Western Australia305-315Biological Conservation1113'translocation mammals Australia OceaniaJun The introduction of threatened marsupials to islands affords a high degree of translocation success due to the lack of exotic species on islands, or the feasibility of eradicating them. The dibbler Parantechinus apicalis is a small marsupial endemic to the southwest of Australia. It is listed under international and national legislation as Endangered, and has been the focus of a successful conservation strategy to introduce captive-bred individuals to an island as a security measure, and as part of a formal Interim Recovery Plan. A total of 88 individuals were released in four groups on Escape Island from 1998 to 2000. The population was monitored using radiotelemetry and trapping techniques from 1998 to 2001. Breeding and dispersal of young occurred within the first year of release. Three years after the initial release, the third generation of wild-born dibblers had entered into the population. The total cost of this translocation exercise approximated $AUS 0.6 million. The conservation effort to give additional security to dibblers has been successful, at least in the short term, due to the collaboration between four organisations and a commitment to support a monitoring program of the released population over time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000182418200002ISI:000182418200002 ?jMoseby, K. E. O'Donnell, E.2003Reintroduction of the greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis (Reid) (Marsupialia : Thylacomyidae), to northern South Australia: survival, ecology and notes on reintroduction protocols15-27Wildlife Research3016translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania%Nine bilbies were reintroduced to a 14-km(2) reserve free of rabbits, cats and foxes in South Australia in April 2000. The survival, growth and ecology of the population were studied for 17 months after release by means of radio-tracking and trapping. Reproduction was continuous over the study period, with juveniles successfully recruited into the population. Home-range size of female bilbies averaged 0.18 km(2) and was significantly smaller than home ranges of males, which averaged 3.16 km(2). Wild-born subadults had smaller home ranges than adults. While male home ranges, and male and female home ranges overlapped considerably, females appeared to maintain areas discrete from other adult females. Bilbies showed a significant preference for dune habitat. As swale habitat appears too hard for burrow construction and males moved greater distances from diurnal burrows than females, males are likely to access food reserves that are under-used by females. Both males and females reused at least 30% of their burrows, and females displayed long-term site fidelity. The release was considered successful and suggests that despite historical damage from rabbits and stock, bilbies are able to successfully recolonise parts of their former range in arid South Australia once rabbits, cats and foxes are removed.://000182211100002ISI:000182211100002 ?kPearce, J. Lindenmayer, D.1998Bioclimatic analysis to enhance reintroduction biology of the endangered helmeted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) in southeastern Australia238-243Restoration Ecology63>translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania habitatSep)Reintroduction programs are a high-risk conservation strategy for restoring populations of endangered species. The success of these programs often depends on the ability to identify suitable habitat within the species' former range. Bioclimatic analysis offers an empirical, explicit, robust, and repeatable method to analyze large areas rapidly using a small number of locality records, and in turn predicting (and/or reconstructing) its potential distribution limits. This approach therefore can estimate the broad limits of the distribution of a taxon, using data that may be inadequate for standard forms of statistical analysis. We illustrate the potential value of bioclimatic modeling for reintroduction biology using a case study of the highly endangered Helmeted Honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) from Victoria, southeastern Australia. The results of our analyses assisted us to both predict the former range limits of the Helmeted Honeyeater and determine the broad limits of those areas that may contain potentially suitable sites for future reintroduction programs for the subspecies. The analysis predicted that the range of the Helmeted Honeyeater extends from the Yarra River district east of Melbourne, south to the Western Port Bay and east as far as the Morwell area of Victoria. The climatic characteristics of habitat occupied by the extant population of the Helmeted Honeyeater were found to be unique within its predicted range. We recommend that reintroduction efforts therefore be concentrated within this small area, as has occurred to date.://000075927800002ISI:000075927800002y? jPople, A. R. Lowry, J. Lundie-Jenkins, G. Clancy, T. F. McCallum, H. I. Sigg, D. Hoolihan, D. Hamilton, S.2001sDemography of bridled nailtail wallabies translocated to the edge of their former range from captive and wild stock285-299Biological Conservation10236translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaDecDespite numerous, generally unsuccessful attempts to reintroduce threatened Australian mammals, the factors leading to their failure have not been fully clarified, although predator control would appear to be of paramount importance. An experimental approach was taken in attempting to establish a population of bridled nailtail wallabies ih an area of apparently suitable habitat and low fox density, but on the edge of the species' former range. The 133 wallabies released since late 1996 comprised four groups captive-bred animals, wild caught from the single remaining wild population, animals that were captive bred and acclimatised at the translocation site in a 10 ha predator-proof enclosure, and animals which had been bred in the enclosure. Survival was highest in those bred in the enclosure and highly variable among captive-bred animals. Survival estimates for wild recruits suggested the population would maintain a positive rate of increase under prevailing environmental conditions. Spotlighting surveys suggested the population had increased to approximately 400 animals by late 1999. Above average rainfall during 1996-1999 and no apparent predation suggests caution in describing the translocation as a success. Ongoing monitoring is critical, because it A uncertain ho v the population will cope with drought and inevitable predation events, and whether the population will expand and persist outside of limited preferred habitat. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000171783300006ISI:000171783300006 "? jPriddel, D. Wheeler, R.2004iAn experimental translocation of brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata) to western New South Wales421-432Wildlife Research3146translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaA total of 85 brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata) from Western Australia and two sites in South Australia were translocated to Yathong Nature Reserve (YNR) in western New South Wales in October 2001. Aerial baiting to control the introduced red fox ( Vulpes vulpes) had been undertaken on YNR since 1996. Thirty-one bettongs were fitted with radio-transmitters at the time of release, and two subsequently. Trapping took place at irregular intervals after the translocation. In all, 73% of telemetered bettongs died within the first six months; all were dead within 13 months. Eight bettongs died within the first eight days immediately following their release, due to causes other than predation. These eight all originated from St Peter Island (SPI), South Australia. A low incidence of breeding on SPI supports the belief that this source population was in poor condition and unsuited for translocation. Overall, 19 of the 33 telemetered bettongs were killed by predators: 14 (74%) by feral house cats ( Felis catus), two (11%) by birds, and three (16%) by predators, which, although they could not be fully identified, were not foxes. One month after release, surviving bettongs weighed less than they did at the time of their release ( mean decrease in mass = 9.7%, range 2.6 - 22.4%, n = 11). Within two months of their release most had regained any lost mass ( mean change in mass since release = - 0.3%, range - 5.9 to 10.5%). Food resources on YNR appeared sufficient to sustain adult brush-tailed bettongs, despite a period of severe drought. Small pouch young present at the time of release were subsequently lost. Females gave birth and carried small pouch young ( up to 50 mm), but no young-at-foot were recorded. Bettongs did not disperse further than 10 km from their release site. Overall, 50% of aerial-tracking locations were no further than 3.2 km from the release site, and 92% no further than 7.0 km. This experimental translocation of brush-tailed bettongs failed due to predation by cats. It demonstrated that foxes were no longer a threat to wildlife on YNR and identified cats as the major impediment to the restoration of locally extinct fauna.://000223516600009ISI:000223516600009? Richards, J. D. Short, J.2003Reintroduction and establishment of the western barred bandicoot Perameles bougainville (Marsupialia : Peramelidae) at Shark Bay, Western Australia181-195Biological Conservation10926translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaFebThe western barred bandicoot was reintroduced to the Australian mainland in 1995 after an absence of at least 60 years. The new population was derived from 14 animals, reintroduced to Heirisson Prong from Dorre Island in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Introduced predators (the European red fox and the feral cat) were controlled at the reintroduction site, but European rabbits were not. A large fenced area of natural vegetation within the reintroduction site was used as a secure refuge from mammalian predators. Bandicoots were released from this predator refuge to the 12 km 2 conservation site. Dispersal from the point of free release was minimal. The reintroduced population has persisted for 4 years and increased, with at least 175 bandicoots recruited to the population in this time. The recapture rate of marked bandicoots was low, suggesting that adult mortality was high. Reproductive output at Heirisson Prong appeared greater than that of the two surviving wild populations on Bernier and Dorre Islands. Litter size was similar, but there was an extended annual breeding season at the reintroduction site. Body condition of reintroduced and wild bandicoots were similar, although there was some indication that reintroduced males may have been in poorer condition than their island counterparts. The litter size of bandicoots increased with a decrease in rabbit abundance, however, bandicoots were able to reproduce, maintain condition, and sustain recruitment to allow the population to increase despite the presence of rabbits. Two fox incursions occurred during the 4-year period of establishment, and feral cats were present on occasion in low numbers. Feral cats may be responsible for a lower rate of population increase than that observed on predator-free Dorre Island. Ongoing predator control is essential for any mainland reintroduction of bandicoots. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000179101100004ISI:000179101100004g? Short, J. Turner, B.2000jReintroduction of the burrowing bettong Bettongia lesueur (Marsupialia : Potoroidae) to mainland Australia185-196Biological Conservation9626translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaDec,The burrowing bettong was successfully reintroduced to the Australian mainland in 1992 after an absence of 50 years. The population, derived from 42 individuals translocated from a remnant population on an offshore island, has persisted for over seven years on the Heirisson Prong peninsula at Shark Bay in Western Australia. It has grown to over 260 individuals that are distributed widely through available habitat. The successful management of exotic European foxes and feral cats proved crucial to the outcome of the reintroduction. Factors contributing to the successful management of predators and to a reduction in their impact included: the choice of a narrow peninsula as the site for reintroduction (permitting cost-effective use of predator-proof fencing); effective baiting (fox and cat) and trapping (cat) strategies; the maintenance of an in situ breeding colony (to provide insurance against major loss of free-range animals to predators); choice of high quality habitat (providing reasonable cover and promoting a high and relatively stable rate of increase for bettongs, even during dry years), and choice of a site that was accessible for regular management visits. An abundance of European rabbits at the reintroduction site appeared not to be a limiting factor. The success of this reintroduction has stimulated a range of other reintroductions of endangered mammals to arid and semi-arid sites across Australia, particularly to peninsulas or other sites where exotic predators can be controlled effectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights resented.://000088945600007ISI:000088945600007{?&Todd, C. R. Jenkins, S. Bearlin, A. R.2002Lessons about extinction and translocation: models for eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii) at Woodlands Historic Park, Victoria, Australia211-223Biological Conservation1062Ktranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modellingAugIn 1998 the protected Population of Perameles gunnii (eastern barred bandicoot) at Woodlands Historic Park, Victoria, Australia became functionally extinct following removals of individuals for translocation between 1994 and 1996. Population viability analysis and data collected whilst the population was in decline are used to explore the impact that these removals had oil the decline of the P. gunnii population at Woodlands. Due to some ambiguities in the life history of P. gunnii at Woodlands, two structurally different population models were used. Explicitly including the removal of animals in the analysis indicates that there may be at least a three-fold increase in the risk of quasiextinction due to removals. In some scenarios, over 17% of the trajectories decrease to a level less than or equal to 10 females within the observed time period of the collapse of the population, that is by April 1998. The modelling approach identified a number of critical factors in the decline of the population, such as variation in survival rates. By representing the life history strategy using two alternate models, quantitative statements about the impact that removals had on the population decline at Woodlands are made. While removals probably contributed to the collapse of the population, removals were not the sole cause of population decline. The real reasons for decline remain unknowns however, it is likely to be closely linked to habitat decline, difficult, environmental conditions and predation. If P. gunnii are reintroduced to Woodlands again, then the models presented here may help to develop management strategies to establish a self sustaining Population, as well as exploring translocations options. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000176269900008ISI:000176269900008?%Todd, C. R. Nicol, S. J. Koehn, J. D.2004~Density-dependence uncertainty in population models for the conservation management of trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis359-380Ecological Modelling1714Htranslocation reintroduction fish Australia Oceania population modellingFeb 1(A stochastic population model has been developed for exploring the conservation management of the endangered fish trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis) in the circumstances of incomplete understanding of the ecology of the species as well as the absence of appropriate data for the estimation of some vital rates. The model includes a stage-structured approach with environmental and demographic variation, and examines three types of density dependence: Beverton-Holt, Ricker and a biomass approach that we have developed to incorporate intraspecific competition beyond recruitment to 1-year olds. The stochastic model was used to explore the current and future status of the protected and last self-sustaining natural population of trout cod, restricted to a 200 km section of the Murray River in south-eastern Australia, under the different density-dependent mechanisms. Current practices for reintroducing trout cod were also evaluated. The analysis indicates that the protected natural population may be stable provided that it remains free from any significant disturbance. However, the analysis also indicates that trout cod may be very sensitive to any reduction in adult survival and remain potentially vulnerable to continued anthropogenic disturbance, in particular fishing. The analysis also indicates that the current practice of releasing fingerlings to establish a reintroduced population was more likely to fail than releasing on-grown 1-year-old fish at reintroduction sites. Furthermore, the traditional density-dependent mechanisms have less support than the applied biomass approach. The stochastic population model developed becomes a resource for guiding the conservation management and further research into the ecology of trout cod. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000188994300003ISI:000188994300003=?Wilson, D. Paton, D. C.2004Habitat use by the Southern Emu-wren, Stipiturus malachurus (Aves : Maluridae), in South Australia, and evaluation of vegetation at a potential translocation site for S-m. intermedius37-43Emu1041<translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania habitatFloristic and structural characteristics of vegetation inhabited by Southern Emu-wrens, Stipiturus malachurus, were examined for three geographically isolated subspecies in South Australia. Of the 47 plant species recorded in quadrats, 29 of these (61%) occurred in the habitat of a single subspecies. Structurally, there were no significant differences between habitats used by the three subspecies; however, some trends were apparent. All three subspecies used dense habitat; however, S. m. intermedius ( Southern Mount Lofty Ranges) used habitat that, on average, was denser than habitats used by S. m. polionotum (Coorong) or S. m. halmaturinus ( Kangaroo Island). Habitat used by all subspecies was most dense at ground level and decreased with height. S. m. intermedius used two distinct vegetation types ( swamp and dry-heath) that were floristically, but not structurally, different. The habitat at Cox Scrub Conservation Park (CP), where S. m. intermedius existed prior to a wildfire in 1983, was neither floristically nor structurally different from that currently inhabited by S. m. intermedius. The continued absence of S. m. intermedius from Cox Scrub CP reflects its limited dispersal ability. Since the habitat is extensive, Cox Scrub CP would be a suitable translocation site for S. m. intermedius. Successful translocation would greatly reduce the risk of a single fire event eliminating a substantial proportion of the remaining population of S. m. intermedius.://000220523900006ISI:000220523900006?Armstrong, D.P. Perrott, J.K.2000qAn experiment testing whether condition and survival are limited by food supply in a reintroduced hihi population 1171-1181Conservation Biology14;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2000%20Armstrong%20%26%20Perrott%20Conservation%20Biology.pdfj?jOwen, K. Asquith, P.2000XTransfer of toutouwai (Petroica australis longipes) from Mokoia Island to Moturoa Island61-64Ecological Management8Qtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania reprint?j Aikman, H.1999^Attempts to establish shore plover (Thinornis novaeseelandiae) on Motuora Island, Hauraki Gulf195-205Notornis466reintroduction translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaCaptive-reared birds released. Few still on Motuara one month after release, mainly due to predation by ruru or dispersal (maybe caused by harassment from ruru). See O'Connor's (2000) article in Reintroduction News.?MacMillan, B.W.H.1990]Attempts to re-establish wekas, brown kiwis and red-crowned parakeets in the Waitakere Ranges45-51Notornis376translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?IBeauchamp, A.J. Staples, G.C. Staples, E.C. Graeme, A. Graeme, B. Fox, E.2000wFailed establishment of North Island weka (Gallirallus australis greyi) at Karangahake Gorge, North Island, New Zealand90-96Notornis476translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceaniax101 captive-bred weka releaved from 1992-1996. Abandoned in March 1996 after dogs and ferrets killed many of the birds.?Armstrong, D.P. Ewen, J.G.2001VAssessing the value of follow-up translocations: a case study using New Zealand robins239-247Biological Conservation101^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modellingfile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2001%20Armstrong%20%26%20Ewen%20Biological%20Conservation.pdfB? Raeburn, E.H.2001Reintroduction of North Island robins to Paengaroa Scenic Reserve: factors limiting survival, nest success and population viability in a mainland resotration areaPalmerston NorthMassey UniversityItranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand OceaniaMSc?$Towns, D.R. Daugherty, C.H. Cree, A.2001qRaising the prospects for a forgotten fauna: a review of 10 years of conservation effort for New Zealand reptiles3-16Biological Conservation991Dtranslocation reintroduction restoration lizards New Zealand Oceania?Armstrong, D.P.2000QRe-introductions of New Zealand robins: a key component of ecological restoration44-47Re-introduction News19Itranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania? Dimond, W.J.2001^The effect of a translocation on a source population using North Island robins as a case studyPalmerston NorthMassey University^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modelling MSc thesis?Armstrong, D.P. Ewen, J.G.2001aTesting for food limitation in reintroduced hihi populations: contrasting results for two islands87-92Pacific Conservation Biology7=reintroduction translocation New Zealand food limitation hihi?jPattemore, D.E.2003Translocations of North Island robins (Petroica australis longipes) to mainland reserves: breeding success, dispersal and habitat preference128-School of Geography and Environmental ScienceAucklandUniversity of Auckland6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaMSc ?HArmstrong, D. P. Davidson, R. S. Perrott, J. K. Roygard, J. Buchanan, L.2005\Density-dependent population growth in a reintroduced population of North Island saddlebacks160-170Journal of Animal Ecology741Wtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania population modellingJanfile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2005%20Armstrong%20et%20al.%20J%20Animal%20Ecology.pdfISI:000226514300018?lGillies, C. A. Leach, M. R. Coad, N. B. Theobald, S. W. Campbell, J. Herbert, T. Graham, P. J. Pierce, R. J.2003Six years of intensive pest mammal control at Trounson Kauri Park, a Department of Conservation "mainland island", June 1996-July 2002399-420New Zealand Journal of Zoology304Gtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania predator controlDecISI:000187883700005?Armstrong, D. P. Ewen, J. G.2002hDynamics and viability of a New Zealand robin population reintroduced to regenerating fragmented habitat 1074-1085Conservation Biology164^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modellingAugfile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2002%20Armstrong%20%26%20Ewen%20Conservation%20Biology.pdfISI:0001771995000234? mArmstrong, D. P. Davidson, R. S. Dimond, W. J. Perrott, J. K. Castro, I. Ewen, J. G. Griffiths, R. Taylor, J.2002GPopulation dynamics of reintroduced forest birds on New Zealand islands609-621Journal of Biogeography295-6ntranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins saddleback hihi New Zealand Oceania population modellingMay-Junfile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2002%20Armstrong%20et%20al.%20J%20Biogeography.pdfISI:000176652300005?!'Bell, B. D. Pledger, S. Dewhurst, P. L.2004The fate of a population of the endemic frog Leiopelma pakeka (Anura : Leiopelmatidae) translocated to restored habitat on Maud Island, New Zealand123-131New Zealand Journal of Zoology3126translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand OceaniaJunsWe assess the fate of 100 Leiopelma pakeka transferred in two batches from remnant forest on Maud Island to a new site at Boat Bay, 0.5 km away, in 1984-85. Seventy of the original 100 individual frogs were recaptured, plus 35 young recruits into the population. The 43 frogs released in 1984 settled closer to the release site than did the 57 released a year later, suggesting that many of the later arrivals avoided sites already occupied by frogs. Boat Bay frogs became heavier than frogs in the source population, presumably a reflection of lower population density and greater per capita food supply. Numbers declined initially, but the frog population remained relatively stable after losses of founder individuals began to be offset by local recruitment. The mean annual survival rate after initial settlement was high (97%), indicating an average life expectancy of 33 years.://000222841700001ISI:000222841700001?"=Cork, S. C. Alley, M. R. Johnstone, A. C. Stockdale, P. H. G.1999LAspergillosis and other causes of mortality in the stitchbird in New Zealand481-486Journal of Wildlife Diseases353Ctranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania diseaseJuljNecropsy findings from natural deaths in free living and captive stitchbirds (Notiomystis cincta) were examined over a 3 yr period (November 1991-94) to establish whether disease was an important factor in translocation failures and captive breeding programs undertaken by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Fresh and fixed material from seven free-living birds and 11 captive birds were examined and were compared with lose of a retrospective study of archival material from captive and wild birds collected over a 13 yr period (1979-91). The causes of death in both the present and retrospective study showed a similar pattern with aspergillosis and aspiration pneumonia being the most significant cause of mortality in captive birds. Aspergillosis was diagnosed as the cause of death in 11 of 31 stitchbirds from Mt Bruce; eight of these deaths occurred in the winter months (June-August). The other causes of death in captive birds included trauma, coccidiosis, and sporadic bacterial infections. Hemosiderosis and airsac-culitis were common histological findings in most of the wild and captive stitchbirds examined.://000081607700008ISI:000081607700008V?#*Elliott, G. P. Merton, D. V. Jansen, P. W.2001CIntensive management of a critically endangered species: the kakapo121-133Biological Conservation991'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaMay;Since a review of the management of the critically endangered kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) in 1994, management of this species has become more intensive. This paper reports on new developments in the supplementary feeding of kakapo, continuous monitoring and protection of nests from predators, translocations of kakapo between islands, and artificial incubation of eggs and hand-raising of chicks. Supplementary feeding probably increases chick survival especially when natural food supplies fail. It may also increase breeding frequency, either by triggering breeding, or raising kakapo above a nutritional threshold. Protection of nests from predators has eliminated rat predation of eggs and chicks, and continuous monitoring and rebuilding of poor nest sites has improved kakapo nesting success. Recent translocations of kakapo between islands have aimed to prevent possibly infertile males from mating, facilitate supplementary feeding, improve the breeding prospects of some birds, test the suitability of a new island for kakapo, and facilitate the eradication of rats. Eggs have been artificially incubated and chicks hand-raised in an attempt to establish a captive population of hand-raised birds, to rescue sickly and unthrifty chicks, and to forestall likely nest failures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000168697500010ISI:000168697500010 ?$Hooson, S. Jamieson, I. G.2003WThe distribution and current status of New Zealand Saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus79-95Bird Conservation International132Jtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprintJunThis paper reviews and updates the distribution and status of two geographically distinct subspecies of New Zealand Saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus, a New Zealand forest passerine that is highly susceptible to predation by introduced mammals such as stoats and rats. The recovery of the North Island and South Island saddleback populations has been rapid since translocations to offshore islands free of exotic predators began in 1964, when both subspecies were on the brink of extinction. South Island saddlebacks have gone from a remnant population Of 36 birds on one island to over 1,200 birds spread among 15 island populations, with the present capacity to increase to a maximum Of 2,500 birds. We recommend that South Island saddleback be listed under the IUCN category of Near Threatened, although vigilance on islands for invading predators and their subsequent rapid eradication is still required. North Island saddlebacks have gone from a remnant population Of 500 birds on one island to over 6,000 on 12 islands with the capacity to increase to over 19,000 individuals. We recommend that this subspecies be downgraded to the IUCN category of Least Concern. The factors that limited the early recovery of saddlebacks are now of less significance with recent advances in predator eradication techniques allowing translocations to large islands that were formerly unsuitable. The only two predators that still cohabit some islands with saddleback are Pacific rats or kiore Rattus exulans and Weka Gallirallus australis, a flightless native rail. Although North Island saddlebacks coexist with kiore, South Island saddlebacks do less well in their presence, possibly because the relict population had no previous history with this species of rat. The impact of Weka as predators of saddlebacks is less clear, but population growth rates appear to be slowed in their presence. It is recommended that while current recovery strategies involving island habitat restoration and translocations be maintained, management effort should also be directed towards returning saddlebacks to selected, "mainland island" sites, where introduced pests are either excluded by predator-proof fences or controlled at very low levels by intensive pest management.://000183822500001ISI:000183822500001?%Jamieson, I. G. Ryan, C. J.2000Increased egg infertility associated with translocating inbred takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) to island refuges in New Zealand107-114Biological Conservation9416translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaJunThe takahe (Porphyria hochstetteri) is a highly endangered flightless rail, endemic to New Zealand. Since 1984, a total of 24 takahe have been translocated from a small, alpine population of approximately 120 in Fiordland and successfully established on four predator-free lowland islands with introduced pasture grasslands. However, island takahe produce fewer juveniles per egg due to hatching failure being twice as high as it is in the natural population in Fiordland. A comparison among several small, inbred populations of New Zealand birds indicated those that are the result of translocations to new habitat types (takahe and kakapo Strigops habroptilus), suffered much higher rates of egg infertility than birds that have remained within their natural habitat range. For takahe, whether breeders had been translocated as juveniles or had been raised on the islands was a poor predictor of reproductive success. The coefficient of inbreeding was high for island takahe but high infertility and low juvenile productivity were features of breeding pairs whether parents were related or not. However, this result might be expected if takahe were already inbred before they were translocated to the islands. If high egg infertility is a consequence of an inbred population being translocated to a new or different habitat, then poor breeding success is something that managers may have to live with in the short term until there is local selection for better breeders. In more general terms, the results of the study have implications for the successful translocation of individuals from inbred populations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.://000086676400011ISI:000086676400011?&Jamieson, I. G. Wilson, G. C.2003fImmediate and long-term effects of translocations on breeding success in Takahe Porphyrio hochstetteri299-306Bird Conservation International1346translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaDec{Translocations of threatened species play an increasingly important role in conservation management. However, few studies have examined what effects, if any, the translocation process itself (i.e. catching, handling, confining, transferring and releasing an animal into an unfamiliar environment) has on subsequent breeding success. Takahe Porphyrio hoclistetteri living on offshore "predator-free" islands in New Zealand are a model system for examining such effects because pre-breeding birds have been frequently translocated between established island populations before they pair up and breed at 2-3 years of age. We postulated that "translocated" breeders (i.e. breeders that had been raised on another island) would delay first breeding attempts and/or have lower reproductive success compared with "resident" birds (i.e. bred on the same island that they were raised). The results indicated that translocated birds did not delay breeding and had similar mean hatching and fledging success as resident pairs in their first breeding season and subsequent seasons combined. The results suggest that at least for large or long-lived birds such as Takahe, the effects of any stress from the translocation itself, or the release into an unfamiliar environment, might be either short-lived or not significant enough to hinder subsequent breeding success. We recommend that further research be carried out on other species to determine the baseline effects, if any, of translocations, so that they can be taken into account when considering other determinants of translocation success such as habitat suitability, number of individuals and timing of releases.://000188054000003ISI:000188054000003?'Jamieson, I. G.2004kNo evidence that dietary nutrient deficiency is related to poor reproductive success of translocated takahe165-170Biological Conservation11516translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaJanThe aim of the study was to identify from the existing literature the essential nutrients that are known to affect egg fertility and hatching success in birds, and compare the concentrations of these between source and translocated populations of the endangered New Zealand takahe. Takahe are herbivorous, and those that have been translocated to highly modified island sites with pasture grasses have higher rates of egg infertility and low hatching success compared to takahe that breed in native tussock grasslands in Fiordland. Nine essential nutrients were analysed from infertile eggs collected from Fiordland and four island sites over a 4-year period. Only manganese showed any evidence of being in low concentrations in island takahe relative to Fiordland takahe, a result consistent with earlier analysis that showed low concentrations of manganese in takahe plant-foods on islands. However, manganese was in lowest concentrations on Kapiti Island where takahe consistently have the highest reproductive success of the four island sites, with 10 of the 15 samples from the other three islands falling within the range of the Fiordland samples. Therefore neither manganese nor any of the other eight essential nutrients appear to be widely deficient in island birds. Based on the results of this study, a supplementary feeding programme to improve egg fertility in takahe is not recommended. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000185877900017ISI:000185877900017;?(PLambert, D. M. King, T. Shepherd, L. D. Livingston, A. Anderson, S. Craig, J. L.2005Serial population bottlenecks and genetic variation: Translocated populations of the New Zealand Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater)1-14Conservation Genetics61Ktranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania geneticsJanThe genetic effects of population bottlenecks have been well studied theoretically, in laboratory studies, and to some extent, in natural situations. The effects of serial population bottlenecks (SPBs), however, are less well understood. This is significant because recurrent population bottlenecks are likely to be a common feature of the life history of many species. The lack of understanding of SPBs in natural populations has certainly been hampered by a lack of good examples where it can be studied. We report the results of a study into island populations of North Island Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater) that have undergone 13 translocations since 1964, all but one of these has been deliberate and for which detailed records are available. We have examined nine island populations of this passerine bird, from the source population, three first-order bottlenecked and five second-order bottlenecked populations. We examine variation in these nine populations using multilocus minisatellite DNA markers, together with Mendelian loci comprising six microsatellite DNA loci and a variable isozyme locus. Despite the generally low level of genetic variation in the Saddleback source population, we were able to detect a pattern of significant changes in both the mean number of minisatellite DNA bands per individual and the frequency of alleles at the Mendelian loci, with increasing population bottlenecks. This study generally shows that in a natural population, SPBs result in more pronounced genetic changes than do single population bottlenecks by themselves, thereby highlighting their importance for the conservation of rare and endangered species.://000227937300001ISI:000227937300001?) Mackintosh, M. A. Briskie, J. V.2005uHigh levels of hatching failure in an insular population of the South Island robin: a consequence of food limitation?409-416Biological Conservation1223Rtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania geneticsApr0Endangered birds in insular environments like New Zealand are often translocated to predator-free offshore islands for conservation purposes. Some translocated populations however exhibit reduced fecundity, and it has been suggested that either inbreeding (due to small number of founders) or resource shortages (due to high population density) may limit reproductive success. For example, the South Island robin (Petroica a. australis) population on Motuara Island (59 ha) was founded by Only five birds but has increased to similar to600 individuals, or a density > 10 times that of the mainland. Despite this apparent success, the rate of hatching failure in this population is three times higher than in mainland populations. with more than a third Of eggs failing to batch, To test if elevated hatching failure is the result of food limitation, we carried out a food supplementation experiment by providing females with mealworms equivalent to similar to50% of their daily energy requirements. Food supplementation had no effect on hatching success, clutch size, incubation attentiveness or nest size. Egg volume increased with food supplementation in one of the two years of this study, but both egg volume and incubation attentiveness were unrelated to rate of hatching failure. As previous genetic analyses confirmed that the bottlenecked population of robins on Motuara Island have significantly less genetic variation than their source population, we conclude that inbreeding depression, and not food limitation. is the most likely explanation for their high rate of hatching failure. We suggest that the experimental translocation of genetically dissimilar individuals be considered as a possible remedy for low productivity in island populations that were initiated with few founders. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000226341200005ISI:000226341200005?*5Nelson, N. J. Keall, S. N. Brown, D. Daugherty, C. H.2002CEstablishing a new wild population of tuatara (Sphenodon guntheri )887-894Conservation Biology1648translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand OceaniaAugTranslocations of reptiles and amphibians have been questioned as a conservation tool because they generally have not been successful. However, translocation is the only method by which many species can be restored to parts of their former range, which increases their conservation security. Tuatara (Sphenodon spp.), sole surviving members of the reptilian Order Sphenodontia, are restricted to offshore islands of New Zealand. Dispersal into former habitat on the mainland or other islands, following removal of the causes of extinction, is unlikely. Captive rearing of reptile hatchlings from eggs collected in the wild to produce founders for new populations is also a conservation technique that has had mixed success. However, captive incubation and rearing are techniques that allow large numbers of tuatara to be produced to start new populations without detrimental effects on small source populations. We document the first contemporary translocation of S. guntheri , providing details on selection of release sites and founders. Release sites were chosen on a rodent-free island that provided a variety of habitats for tuatara as well as abundant food and shelter. The release propagule comprised 18 wild-caught adults and 50 captive-reared juveniles. Four separate release sites were established to separate adults from juveniles during the establishment phase. Five years of monitoring indicate that at least 57% of tuatara survived translocation and that reproduction has occurred on the new island. All tuatara increased in weight and length, demonstrating that tuatara have an indeterminate growth pattern. The 56% of recaptured juveniles represented a cross section of the sizes released. We evaluated the use of head-started juveniles as founders, based on survival and growth data. Because tuatara are long-lived, late-maturing reptiles with slow reproduction, establishment of a self-sustaining population will take decades of monitoring to confirm.://000177199500007ISI:000177199500007E?+jLee, M.2005fFailed attempts to reintroduce bellbirds (Anthornis melanura) to Waiheke Island, Hauraki Gulf, 1988-91150-157Notornis526translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaJ?,jBell, M. Bell, B. D. Bell, E.A.2004UTranslocation of fluttering shearwater (Puffinus gavia) chicks to create a new colony11-15Notornis526translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?-l2Imber, M.J. McFadden, I. Bell, E.A. Scofield, R.P.2003Post-fledging migration, age of first return and recruitment, and results of inter-colony translocation of black petrels (Procellaria parkinsoni)183-190Notornis5046translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania=?.6Steffens, K.E. Seddon P.J. Mathieu R. Jamieson, I.G.2005cHabitat selection by South Island saddlebacks and Stewart Island robins reintroduced to Ulva Island221-229New Zealand Journal of Ecology292Utranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania?/Butler, D. Merton, M.19928The black robin: saving the world's most endangered birdAucklandOxford University PressXtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania reprint (book)t?0 Craig, J.L.1990NPotential for ecological restoration of islands for indigenous fauna and flora156-165-Ecological restoration of New Zealand islands,Towns, D.R. Daugherty, C.H. Atkinson, I.A.E.Wellington, New Zealand&Conservation Sciences Publication No 2Rtranslocation reintroduction restoration islands birds New Zealand Oceania reprintM?1Craig, J.L. Veitch, C.R.1990 Transfer of organisms to islands255-260-Ecological restoration of New Zealand islands,Towns, D.R. Daugherty, C.H. Atkinson, I.A.E.Wellington, New Zealand&Conservation Sciences Publication No 2Ltranslocation reintroduction restoration islands New Zealand Oceania reprint1?2 Flack, J.D.19781Interisland transfers of New Zealand black robins365-372IEndangered birds: management techniques for preserving threatened species Temple, S.A.MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin PressItranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania?3jJolly, J.N. Colbourne, R.M.1991b Translocation of the little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) between offshore islands of New Zealand143-149+Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand21'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniajIdentify 10 suitable islands based on various criteria. Review transfers to Long, Red Mercury, and Hen I.#?4Reed, C. Merton, D.1991YBehavioral manipulation of endangered New Zealand birds as an aid toward species recovery 2514-25220Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici[translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania reprint (in volume) reprint (copied)hD?5*Towns, D.R. Daugherty, C.H. Cromarty, P.L.19903Protocols for translocation of organisms to islands-Ecological restoration of New Zealand islands,Towns, D.R. Daugherty, C.H. Atkinson, I.A.E.Wellington, New Zealand&Conservation Sciences Publication No 2Ltranslocation reintroduction restoration islands New Zealand Oceania reprint?6/Castro, I. Alley, J.C. Empson, R.A. Minot, E.O.1994Translocation of hihi or stitchbird (Notiomystis cincta) to Kapiti Island, New Zealand: transfer techniques and comparison of release strategies113-120:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyCtranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania reprint?7j"Castro, I. Minot, E.O. Alley, J.C.1994 Feeding and breeding behaviour of hihi (stichbirds, Notiomystis cincta) recently transferred to Kapiti Island, New Zealand, and possible management alternatives121-128:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyCtranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania reprint?8Armstrong, D.P. McLean, I.G.1995/New Zealand translocations: theory and practice39-54Pacific Conservation Biology20translocation reintroduction New Zealand OceaniaPacific Conservation Biology޿?9Armstrong, D.P. Craig, J.L.1995TEffects of familiarity on the outcome of translocations. I. A test using saddlebacks133-141Biological Conservation71Btranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C1995%20Armstrong%20%26%20Craig%20Biological%20Conservation.pdfBiological Conservationt?:7Armstrong, D.P. Lovegrove, T.G. Allen, D.G. Craig, J.L.1994OComposition of founder groups for bird translocations: does familiarity matter?105-111:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping NortonSurrey Beatty & SonsUtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania3?;+Armstrong, D.P. Soderquist, T Southgate, R.19946Designing experimental reintroductions as experiments.27-29:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping Norton.Surrey Beatty & Sons:translocation reintroduction New Zealand Australia OceaniaS?<Galbraith, M.P. Hayson, C.R.1994hTiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand: public participation in species translocation to an open sanctuary149-154:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping NortonSurrey Beatty & Sons6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?=Saunders, A.J.1994*Translocations in New Zealand: an overview43-46:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping NortonSurrey Beatty & Sons6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?>Rasch, G. McClelland, P.19937South Island saddlebacks transferred to Breaksea Island229-231Notornis40Btranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand OceaniaE??X Pierre, J.P.1995sBehaviour, ecology and reintroduction biology of the South Island saddleback Philesturnus caranculatus carunculatusUniversity of CanterburyJtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprintHonoursSaddlebacks translocated to Motuara in March 1994. Dispersed widely and intereacted with several birds of opposite sex before forming pair bonds. Descriptive information on foraging behaviour. Little info on breeding.޿?@Armstrong, D.P.1995\Effects of familiarity on the outcome of translocations. II. A test using New Zealand robins281-288Biological Conservation71Itranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C1995%20Armstrong%20Biological%20Conservation.pdfBiological Conservation?A Bell, B.D.1994_Translocation of fluttering shearwaters: developing a method to reestablish seabird populations143-148:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceaniaqmethod of establishing chicks in burrows at new locations to try to get them to return to that location as adults.?B Meads, M.J.1994LTranslocation of New Zealand's endangered insects as a tool for conservation53-56:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyFtranslocation reintroduction invertebrates New Zealand Oceania reprint?C Serena, M.1994:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand faunaChipping Norton Surrey Beatty:translocation reintroduction New Zealand Australia Oceania?Dj Sherley, G.1994yTranslocations of Mahoenui giant weta (Deinacrida n. sp.) and Placostylus flax snails in New Zealand: what have we learnt57-63:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty>translocation reintroduction invertebrates New Zealand Oceania1?E Veitch, C.R.1994]Habitat repair: a necessary pre-requisite to translocation of threatened birds in New Zealand97-104:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania_?FxLovegrove, T.G.1996GIsland releases of saddlebacks Philesturnus carunculatus in New Zealand151-157Biological Conservation77Jtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprintGB?G0Lovegrove, T.G.1996A comparison of the effects of predation by Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and Polynesian rats (R. exulans) on the saddleback (Philesturnus caranculatus)NotornisJtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprints?Hj Perrott, J.K.1997Testing the effect of food supply and competition on the outcome of the hihi (Notiomystis cincta) translocation to Mokoia IslandMassey University;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania MSc thesis?I Wilson, L.R.1997AThe ecology and management of honeyeaters in northern New ZealandUniversity of Auckland;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania MSc thesis?J Angehr, G.R.1984-Establishment of the stitchbird on Hen Island175-177Notornis31Ctranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania reprint?K Castro, I.1995`Behavioural ecology and management of hihi Notiomystis cincta, an endemic New Zealand honeyeater#Massey University, Palmerston North;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania PhD thesis?LLovegrove, T.G.1985Stitchbirds on Kapiti Island4Report to Department of Lands and Survey, WellingtonCtranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania reprint?OLloyd, B.D. Powlesland, R.G.1994XThe decline of kakapo Strigops habroptilus and attempts at conservation by translocation75-86Biological Conservation69'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaIDocuments translocations to Maud, LBI, Codfish, and Mana, and monitoring.?PPowlesland, R.G. Lloyd, B.D.1994iUse of supplementary feeding to induce breeding in free-living kakapo Strigops habroptilus in New Zealand97-106Biological Conservation69'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaNotes no breeding in 7 years (82/83 - 88/89) after translocation to LBI. Some breeding in 89/90 and 90/91 after feeding started.?Qj Bell, B.D.1994A review of the status of New Zealand Leiopelma species (Anura: Leiopelmatidae), including a summary of demographic studies in Coromandel and on Maud Island341-349New Zealand Journal of Zoology21translocation New Zealand frogsXIncludes information on translocation of Maud Island frogs to a new site on Maud Island.?R Berry, R.J.19982Reintroducing juvenile kaka to Mount Bruce reserveMassey University6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaMSc?S Brown, D.1994lTransfer of Hamilton's frog, Leiopelma hamiltoni, to a newly created habitat on Stephens Island, New Zealand425-430New Zealand Journal of Zoology216translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand OceaniaBefore the translocation, there were 150-200 Hamilton's frogs on the frog bank on Stephens I (and on no other islands). Therefore, this involves creating a new population on the same island.?TColbourne, R.M. Robertson, H.A.1997`Successful translocations of little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) between islands of New Zealand253-258Notornis44'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaLS Kiwi translocated to Long, Red Mercury and Hen Islands in the late 1980s, and Tiritiri Matangi Island in 1993 (all from Kapiti). All pops estimated to be growing, and brodofacoum poisoning doesn't seem to have affected pops on Red Mercury or Tiri. Methodology involved plotting calls and using dogs. Suggests estimates of growth are conservative, because unlikely to find all birds.?U Ewen, J.G.1998A genetic and behavioural investigation of extra-pair copulation in stitchbirds (Notiomystis cincta) breeding on Tiritiri Matangi IslandMassey UniversityDtranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania geneticsMSc?VyGraeme, A. Graeme, B.1994Against the odds: captive rearing and population restoration of North Island weka Gallirallus australis greyi by a non-government organization155-158:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping NortonSurrey Beatty & Sons6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?WHawkins, J.M. Heinekamp, H.F.1992-Relocation of pied shag colony in Nelson City95-98Notornis39'translocation birds New Zealand OceaniaDescribes removal of nuisance colony in the city to a nearby island. Pine trees were modified on the island to accomodate nests, and nests (they use them for several years) moved from the other site. They also put cut outs of shags at the new site. Other details are confusing.?X Hume, D.K.1995JAnti-predator training: an experimental approach in reintroduction biologyUniversity of Canterbury6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaMSc?YjHutchinson, W.1998sAn attempt to establish a new, viable population of blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) in Egmont National Park13-19Ecological Management66translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania412 ducks released in 3 liberations, in Manganui River (1987, 89) and Waiwhakaiho River (1991). Included 7 captive-reared juvs and 5 wild-caught adults. At least 5 of these still around in 1994, as well as at least 3 UB (origin of UB unclear, but breeding confirmed in one pair). 2 returned to source area.?Z Jansen, W.P.1993ZIntroduction of North Island robins to Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua, and public involvement39-43Ecological Management1>translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania reprint1?[Owen, K.1998CIntroduction of northern tuatara to Moutohora Island, Bay of Plenty23-33Ecological Management68translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand Oceanial32 release, taken from Moutoki Island, Rurima rocks. After 9 months, at least 28 have survived the release.?\ Pierce, R.J.1994?Survey of North Island robins on Moturua Island, Bay of Islands291-292Notornis41Itranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania16 robins from translocated from the Mamaku Plateau to 135 Mourua Island in Feburary 1986. 14 birds were found in June 1987, and 7 birds in 1989 (R Parrish, pers. comm). This paper describes a search on 1-2 June by 6 people. Birds were unbanded, but they guess they found a minimum of 23 birds. Birds were concentrated in the SE portion, dominated by kanuka and wattle, mostly under kanuka canopy. They suggest other islands in Bay of Islands that may be suitable for robins.?]Powlesland, R.G. Willans, M.1997S"Hard release" of captive-reared New Zealand pigeons (Hemiphaga n. novaeseelandiae)57-58Notornis44'translocation birds New Zealand Oceania`2 captive-reared pigeons from Mt. Bruce released about 60 km away. The idea was to get an idea of whether hard releases would work, and therefore whether soft releases were needed in the future. Followed birds by radio-tracking. One bird survived 4 months, then was killed or scavenged by a stoat, and the other bird was still alive after 10 months.?^Preece, J. Shaw, T.1998^An attempt to transfer weka from the Chetwode Islands, Marlborough Sounds, to The Glen, Nelson35-39Ecological Management66translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania112 weka trans in 1993. Held 4-6 weeks at release site before release. None observed near release site since initial release period. No monitoring, except for trying to involve public to report weka seen.?_jThomas, B.W. Whitaker, A.H.1994fTranslocation of the fiordland skink Leiolopisma acrinasum to Hawea Island, Breaksea Sound, Fiordland91-96:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna M. SerenaChipping NortonSurrey Beatty & Sons8translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand Oceania?` Towns, D.R.1994The role of ecological restoration in the conservation of Whitaker's skink (Cyclodina whitakeri), a rare New Zealand lizard (Lacertilia: Scincidae)457-471New Zealand Journal of Ecology21Dtranslocation reintroduction restoration lizards New Zealand Oceania>Translocated 28 Whitaker's skinks from Middle Island to Korapuki Island (Mercury Islands) 1988-90, following kiore eradication on Mercury. Estimates 33 skinks in 1992 using mark-recapture method, and concludes that previous absence was due to kiore predation (good geological evidence to suggest previous occupation).?a'Reed, C.E.M. Nilsson, R.J. Murray, D.P.1993,Cross-fostering on New Zealand's black stilt608-611Journal of Wildlife Management576translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania)Describes same stuff as in IOC 1991 paper?bCraig, J.L. Douglas, M.E.1984#Bellbirds in Auckland and Northland82-86Notornis316translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaMales go to mainland from islands, but not females. 15 released in Waitakeres in 1931 - failed. 22 (12 female, 10 male) released at Shakespeare Park 1983. Several still alive and holding terrs at time of writing.?cHayes, F.N. Williams, M.1982HThe status, aviculture and re-establishment of brown teal in New Zealand73-80Wildfowl33Gtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania captive breeding9Captive rearing, release in Manawatus and Matakana Island~?dWilliams, G.R.1977FMarooning -- a technique for saving threatened species from extinction102-106International Zoo Yearbook176translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaNotes used successfully for saddlebacks and Chatham Island snipe. Unsuccessful at this stage for shore plovers, kakapo and takahe, and in planning stage for black robin.?f Merton, D.V.1965MTransfer of Saddleback from Hen Island to Middle Chicken Island, January 1964213-222Notornis12>translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania reprintNotornis?g Merton, D.V.1993The Chatham Island Black robin11-13Bird World (USA)156translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaBird World (USA)?hParrish, R. Anderson1999wLizard transfers from Matapia Island to Motuopao Island, Northland, New Zealand and observations on other fauna presentin pressTane378translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand OceaniaTane?iv Pierre, J.P.1999Reintroduction of the South Island saddleback (Philesturnus caranculatus carunculatus): Dispersal, social organisation and survival153-160Biological Conservation89Btranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand OceaniaBiological Conservationz?j Gray, R.S.1977hThe kakapo (Strigops habroptilus, Gray 1847), its food, feeding and habitat in Fiordland and Maud Island#Massey University, Palmerston North'translocation birds New Zealand Oceania MSc thesis?k Nelson, N.1998=Conservation of Brother's Island tuatara (Sphenodon guntheri)Victoria University, Wellington8translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand Oceania M. Con. Sci.=focuses on release of S. guntheri on Titi Island, Cook strait?lAArmstrong, D.P. Castro, I. Alley, J.C. Feenstra, B. Perrott, J.K.1999yMortality and behaviour of hihi, an endangered New Zealand honeyeater, in the establishment phase following translocation329-339Biological Conservation89;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C1999%20Armstrong%20et%20al.%20Biological%20Conservation.pdfc?mj Griffiths, R.1999x The translocation and establishment of spotted skinks (Oligosoma lineoocellatum) from Matiu-Somes Island to Mana IslandVictoria University8translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand OceaniaMSc?o Merton, D.V.1975]Success in re-establishing a threatened species: the saddleback - its status and conservation150-158;Bulletin of The International Council for Bird Preservation12>translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania reprint?p Merton, D.V.1975+The saddleback: its status and conservation61-74(Breeding endangered species in captivity Martin, R.D.LondonAcademic PressDtranslocation species recovery New Zealand birds saddlebacks reprint?q Merton, D.V.1990^The Chatham Island black robin: how the world's most endangered bird was saved from extinction14-19Forest and Bird213>translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania reprintS?rBramley, G.N. Veltman, C.J.1998qFailure of translocated, captive-bred North Island weka Gallirallus australis greyi to establish a new population195-204Bird Conservation International86translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaFrom 1992-96, 101 weka relesed in Karangahake gorge, near Paeroa, but mos killed by predators, mainly dogs. Only 1 0f 17 monitored by radio telemetry survived for 242 days.u?s Cassey, P.2001>Determining variation in the success of New Zealand land birds161-172Global Ecology & Biogeography10;translocation introduction birds New Zealand OceaniareprintLooked at both invasions of introduced species and extinctions of NZ species. Looked for life history and ecological correlates with extinction, using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Introduction success significantly associated with large body size, generation time and indices of human effort. Survival of extant spp associated with high pop growth rates (small, rapidly developing spp with high fecundity).?tMiller, B. Mullete, K.L.1985oRehabilitation of an endangered Australian bird: the Lord Howe Island Woodhen Tricholimnas sylvestris (Sclater)55-95Biological Conservation344translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania-remaining 10 pairs restricted to highest mountain by predatory feral pigs -released captive-reared birds into areas where pigs had been exterminatedBiological Conservation+?u>Short, J. Bradshaw, S.D. Giles, J. Prince, R.I.T. Wilson, G.R.1992QReintroduction of macropods (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) in Australia -- a review189-204Biological Conservation62>translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania reprintBiological Conservation ?v Southgate, R.1994Why reintroduce the bilby?165-170:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyRtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania predation reprint (in book)i?wqClarke, M.F. Schedvin, N.1997TAn experimental study of the translocation of the noisy miner Manorina melanocephala161-167Biological Conservation80Ftranslocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania dispersal reprintTried to test whether it made a differences whether birds released in groups of 2 or 6. Extensive dispersal meant lots of interspersal, so groups not considered independent. Notes limitation of having replicated experiments as part of translocation.?xSouthgate, R. Possingham, H.1995Modelling the reintroduction of the greater bilby Macrotis lagotis using the metapopulation model Analysis of Likelihood of EXtinction (ALEX)151-150Biological Conservation73Ktranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modelling,?y Danks, A.1994*Noisy scrub-bird translocations: 1983-1992129-134:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty4translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania/method of releasing a few males to test habitat?zLindenmayer, D.B.1994Some ecological considerations and computer-based approaches for the identification of potentially suitable release sites for reintroduction and translocation programs1-5:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty>translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania habitat?{ McCarthy, M.1994iPopulation viability of the helmeted honeyeater: risk assessment of captive management and reintroduction21-25:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyItranslocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania population modellingElooked at cost of translocation to source population, using modellingD?| Norton, T.W.1994WKoala management in south-east Australia and potential roles for reintroduction biology:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceaniacidea that translocation between habitat fragments has led to higher koala pops in Victoria than NSW?}kSoderquist, T.1994A programme for experimental reintroduction of captive-bred brush-tailed phascogales (Phascogale tapoatafa ): the importance of hypothesis testing159-164:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyHtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania reprint (in book)seem to get highest survival when young allowed to venture out of cage (through small holes), but need to come back to adults to be fed (adults can't fit through holes)V?~,McLean, I.G. Lundie-Jenkins, G. Jarman, P.J.1994=Training captive rufous hare-wallabies to recognize predators177-182:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping NortonSurrey Beatty & SonsStranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modelling reprint?j McCallum, H.1994dModelling translocation strategies for the bridled nailtail wallaby Onychogalea fraenata Gould, 18407-14:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping NortonSurrey Beatty & SonsKtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modelling?+Brook, B.W. Lim, L. Harden, R. Frankham, R.1997XHow secure is the Lord Howe Island Woodhen? A population viability analysis using VORTEX125-133Pacific Conservation Biology3[translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania reprint (journal) population modellingmHistory of woodhen, and recovery. Range of new threats -- eg., exotics, inbreeding, disease, etc. Give parameters, but just say they are from monitoring scheme. PVA using VORTEX. PVA used to guess effects of inbreeding disease, exotics predators, disease epidemics, cyclones, tourise development, global warming (Table 2). Then give table of simulation results.#?jSoderquist, T.R. Serena, M.1994An experimental reintroduction programme for bush-tailed phascogales (Phascogale tapoatafa ): the interface between captivity and the wild431-438HCreative conservation: interactive mangement of wild and captive animals)Olney, P.J.S. Mace, G.M. Feister, A.T.C.LondonChapman & HallYtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania captive breeding reprint (in book)?)Backhouse, G.N. Clark, T.W. Reading, R.P.1994dReintroductions for recovery of the eastern barred bandicoot Perameles gunnii in Victoria, Australia209-218:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?,Brown, P.B. Holdsworth, M.C. Rounsevel, D.E.1994fCaptive breeding and release as a means of increasing the orange-bellied parrot population in the wild135-142:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty4translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceaniacidea that translocation between habitat fragments has led to higher koala pops in Victoria than NSW?&Burgman, M. Ferson, S. Lindenmayer, D.1994The effect of the initial age-class distribution on extinction risks: implications for the reintroduction of Leadbeater's Possum15-20:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey BeattyKtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modelling?!Cadwallander, P.L. Lawrence, B.W.1994GRehabilitation of native fish stocks in the Murray-Darling River system81-84:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty3translocation reintroduction fish Australia Oceaniacidea that translocation between habitat fragments has led to higher koala pops in Victoria than NSW/?Christensen, P. Burrows, N.1994KProject desert dreaming: the reintroduction of mammals to the Gibson Desert199-208:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania? Copley, P.B.1994ATranslocations of native vertebrates in South Australia: a review35-42:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty<translocation reintroduction birds mammals Australia OceaniaH?=Delroy, L.B. Earl, J. Radbone, A.C. Robinson, A.E. Hewett, M.1986hThe breeding and re-establishment of the brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata, in South Australia387-396Australian Wildlife Research136translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaBecame extinct except in SW WA and N QLD. Baptive bred and re-established in SA. Paper mostly on captive breeding, and reintroduction to small islands. D? Downes, M.1982+Re-establishment of the bustard in Victoria;Rare, endangered and limited-gene-pool species in Australia Banks, C.B.6Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Zoo Keepers4translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceaniaz?.Driscoll, D. Wardell-Johnson, G. Roberts, J.D.1994~Genetic structuring and distribution patterns in rare southwestern Australian frogs: implications for translocation programmes85-90:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty=translocation reintroduction frogs Australia Oceania genetics?0Dufty, A.C. Seebeck, J.H. McKay, J. Watson, A.J.1994aReintroduction of the eastern barred bandicoot Perameles gunnii at Gellibrand Hill Park, Victoria219-226:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?Friend, J.A. Thomas, N.D.19940Reintroduction and the numbat recovery programme189-198:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?TGibson, D.F. Johnson, K.A. Langford, D.G. Cole, J.R. Clarke, D.E. Willowra Community1994The rufous hare-wallaby Lagorchestes hirsutus: a history of experimental reintroduction in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory171-176:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceaniacidea that translocation between habitat fragments has led to higher koala pops in Victoria than NSW6? Horwitz, P.1994hAn environmental critique of some freshwater captive breeding and reintroduction programmes in Australia75-80:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty2translocation fish invertebrates Australia OceaniaD?&Lee, A.K. Martin, R.W. Handasyde, K.A.19903Experimental translocation of koalas to new habitatBiology of the koala&Lee, A.K. Handasyde, K.A. Sanson, G.D.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania"? New, T.R.1994LNeeds and prospects for insect reintroductions for conservation in Australia47-52:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty<translocation reintroduction invertebrates Australia Oceania??)Short, J. Turner, B. Parker, S. Twiss, J.1994MReintroduction of endangered mammals to mainland Shark Bay: a progress report183-188:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?Suckling, G.C. MacFarlane, M.A.1983Introduction of the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, into re-established forest of the Tower Hill State Game Reserve, Victoria249-258Australian Wildlife Research106translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaC? Yen, A.L.1994mSome invertebrate issues in the reintroduction of threatened species of insectivorous vertebrates in Victoria65-74:Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna Serena, M.Chipping Norton Surrey Beatty<translocation reintroduction invertebrates Australia Oceania?3Ellis, W.A.H. White, N.A. Nunst, N.D. Carrick, F.N.1990^Response of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) to reintroduction to the wild after rehabilitation421-426Australian Wildlife Research176translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?Male, B.1995CRecovery action for threatened species -- an Australian perspective S204-S208Ibis137 (Suppl. 1)4translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania3Includes orange-bellied parrot and noisy scrub bird?"McCallum, H. Timmers, P. Hoyle, S.1995RModelling the impact of predation on reintroductions of bridled nailtail wallabies163-171Wildlife Research22Ktranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania population modelling ? Miller, M.A.1994Provisioning by captive yellow-tufted honeyeaters (Lichenostumus melanops gipplandicus) acting as a foster parent for helmeted honeyeater chicks (L. M. cassidix)209-217 Zoo Biology13Etranslocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania captive breeding?Short, J. Smith, A.1994(Mammal decline and recovery in Australia288-297Journal of Mammology756translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania? Morgan, J.W.1999Have tubestock plantings successfully established populations of rare grassland species into reintroduction sites in western Victoria?235-243Biological Conservation895translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania~Looked at survival over 5 yrs at 3 sites involving 48 species, 151 pops, and 10699 plants introduced from 1985-92. 48 pops, 19 spp, and 1285 plants remained in November 1997. Threatened spp no more difficult than non-threatened. 2nd generation seed recruitment rare - only 5 spp/16 pop produced successful seeding cohorts and only 3 spp considered established (all at one site). ? Berger, A.J.1978 Reintroduction of Hawaiian Geese339-344IEndangered birds: management techniques for preserving threatened species Temple, S.A.MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin Press1translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii OceaniaL?4Armstrong, D.P. Raeburn, R.M. Lewis, R.M. Ravine, D.2006iEstimating the viability of a reintroduced New Zealand robin population as a function of predator control 1020-1027Journal of Wildlife Management704^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modellingH?4Armstrong, D.P. Raeburn, R.M. Lewis, R.M. Ravine, D.2006eModeling vital rates of a reintroduced New Zealand robin population as a function of predator control 1028-1036Journal of Wildlife Management704^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modelling?Armstrong, D.P. Davidson, R.S.2006QModelling the reintroduction of island-marooned birds to the New Zealand mainland73-85New Zealand Journal of Ecology30Btranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania?Hardman, B. Moro, D.2006SImportance of diurnal refugia to a hare-wallaby reintroduction in Western Australia355-359Wildlife Research336translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?Hardman, B. Moro, D.2006oOptimising reintroduction success by delayed dispersal: Is the release protocol important for hare-wallabies? .403-411Biological Conservation1286translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania4?Franklin, J. Steadman, D.W.1991dThe potential for conservation of polynesian birds through habitat mapping and species translocation506-521Conservation Biology59translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania habitat9Looking for potential sites for translocation, using GIS.?)Fancy, S.G. Snetsinger, T.J. Jacobi, J.D.1997@Translocation of the palila, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper39-46Pacific Conservation Biology3Ctranslocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania reprint (journal)35 birds moved. About half remained at the release site for 2-6 weeks, then homed back to their captiure site, >20km away. Normally sedentary. Birds released immediately were just as likely to remain as birds held overnight at the release site before release.?Black, J.M. Banki, P.C.1994BIs the Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis) saved from extinction?394-410HCreative conservation: interactive mangement of wild and captive animals)Olney, P.J.S. Mace, G.M. Feister, A.T.C.LondonChapman & HallCtranslocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania reprint (in book)?nBlack, J.M. Marshall, A.P. Gilburn, A. Santos, N. Hoshide, H. Medeiros, J. Mello, J. Hodges, C.N. Katahira, L.1997iSurvival, movements, and breeding or released Hawaiian geese: an assessment of the reintroduction program 1161-1173Journal of Wildlife Management611translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania9Nene declined to very low level, attributed to habitat loss and predators. 30 in wild in 1949, ?? in 1960 when release of captive-reared started. Up to 500 in 1989-90, but declining -- i.e., lots released, but not self-sustaining. Have mostly released geese at high elevation near limit of historic range, but rationale for this has recently been questioned -- i.e., earlier workers presumed relict habitat was typical for the goose (cf. takahe). Provided feeder and water troughs and/or fertilized scrub and/or planted kikuya grass. This paper uses SURGE to fit capture-recapture models to resighting data. Look at year, age class, and release method, and compare different areas. Have very basic info. on breeding -- just no. goslings per no. released. Identifies areas with best survival and reproduction. No PVA.!?7Castro, I. Mason, K. M. Armstrong, D. P. Lambert, D. M.2004Effect of extra-pair paternity on effective population size in a reintroduced population of the endangered hihi, and potential for behavioural management381-393Conservation Genetics53Dtranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania geneticsJunfile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2004%20Castro%20et%20al.%20Conservation%20Genetics.pdfISI:000221930300009?Clout, M.N. Merton, D.V.1998HSaving the kakapo: the conservation of the world's most peculiar parrott281-296Bird Conservation International8/translocation birds New Zealand Oceania reprint+?Davidson, R.S.1999uPopulation dynamics of the saddleback population on Mokoia Island and implications for reintroduction to the mainlandPalmerston NorthMassey UniversityWtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania population modelling MSc thesis? Danks, A.1997UConservation of the noisy scrub-bird: a review of 35 years of research and management331-349Pacific Conservation Biology3Itranslocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania reprint (in journal)Originally a single pop survived. Now several pops with about 10x total number of original. Recovery programme has involved habitat reservation and protection, fire management, and translocation.?)Haig, S.M. Ballous, J.D. Derrickson, S.R.1990]Management options for preserving genetic diversity: reintroduction of Guam rails to the wild290-300Conservation Biology48translocation reintroduction birds Guam Oceania geneticsConservation Biologyy?jOppel, S. Beaven, B. M.2004tHabitat use and foraging behaviour of Mohua (Mohoua ochrocephala) in the podocarp forest of Ulva Island, New Zealand235-240Emu10436translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaISI:000224131000006?Owen, K.L. Blick, A.2000?Iwi initiated introduction of tieke to Moutohora (Whale Island)65-71Ecological Management8Jtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprint?Robertson, D.B.1976Weka liberation in Northland213-219Notornis236translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand OceaniaCEstablished in Rawhiti, Bay of Islands. 5 translocations, 1966-71.?%Sigg, D.P. Goldizen, A.W. Pople, A.R.2005{The importance of mating system in translocation programs: reproductive success of released male bridled nailtail wallabies 289–300Biological Conservation1236translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5Clinked%20papers%5CSigg%20et%20al.%202005.pdfbUnsurprising findings that reproductive success variable in males with larger ones more successfulZ?'Silva-Krott, I. Brock, M.K. Junge, R.E.1998yDetermination of the presence of Mycobacterium avium on Guam as a precursor to reintroduction of indigenous bird species227-231Pacific Conservation Biology47translocation reintroduction birds Guam Oceania diseaseoMicronesian Kingfishers extinct in wild, only surviving in captivity. Captive birds highly susceptible to avian tuberculosis (ATB) caused by Mycobacterium avium . Took fecal samples from fighting cocks, wild tree sparrows and caged macaws kept outdoors. Found M. avium in samples, and therefore conclude that reintroducing kingfishers doesn't risk introducing ATB.?ISinclair, A.R.E. Pech, R.P. Dickman, C.R. Hik, D. Mahon, P. Newsome, A.E.1998BPredicting effects of predation on conservation of endangered prey564-575Conservation Biology12Htranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania predation reprint?-Taylor, S.S. Jamieson, I. G. Armstrong, D. P.2005fSuccessful island reintroductions of New Zealand robins and saddlebacks with small numbers of founders415-420Animal Conservation8Utranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins saddlebacks New Zealand Oceaniafile://C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdarmstro.MASSEY%5CMy%20Documents%5CResearch%5CReferences%5CDPA%20papers%5C2005%20Taylor%20et%20al.%20Animal%20Conservation.pdfH?Towns, D.R. Ferreira, S.M.2001aConservation of New Zealand lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae) by translocation of small populations211-222Biological Conservation98@translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand Oceania reprintFThe successful removal of rodents from islands around New Zealand has enabled translocation of rare species of lizards to new sites within their former range. Four species of skinks were translocated to Korapuki Island, Mercury Islands, New Zealand: Cyclodina alani, C. oliveri, C. whitakeri and Oligosoma suteri. Responses of three of the lizard species to release were predicted using a deterministic population model then compared with the actual performance of wild populations. The population models predicted that if populations of about 30 C. whitakeri and O. suteri were released, C. whitakeri would be increasing by 7% p.a. and O. suteri would be increasing by over 35% p.a. during year five. If 20 C. alani were released, the population could be increasing by 70% p.a. during year five. Population expansions are being recorded for all three species, but observed population increases were lower than those predicted for two species, partly because of low catchability of immature lizards. The lowest rate of increase (up to 7% p.a.) was for C. whitakeri. Low rates of population expansion found in species such as C. whitakeri raise a conundrum: the rarer a species is, and the lower its annual reproductive output, the larger the number of individuals that may be required for translocations to succeed. Translocations may be regarded as successful when new populations are self-sustaining and comprised only of locally born animals. Despite the populations increasing, it may not be possible to claim success for the three intensively studied species on Korapuki Island until at least 20 years after release. This is because of longevity of the founders, which are still being caught up to 12 years after release. Extreme longevity, and hence prolonged post-release monitoring, is likely to be a recurrent problem for translocations of rare lizards.IB?Walker, L.R. Powell, E.A.1999ZRegeneration of the mauna kea silversword Argyroxiphium sandwicense (Asteraceae) in HawaiiBiological Conservation8961-702translocation reintroduction plants Hawaii OceaniaAbout 50 plants in natural population. Have planted about 500 individuals, mainly by outplanting. Compared direct sowing of seeds to outplanting. Notes effect of habitat (moisture, competition, grazing).? Aberton, J.G.1996<Post fire mammal studies and Swamp Antechinus reintroduction%Deacon University, Geelong, Australia6translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania PhD thesis? Adams, L.2005NReintroduction of kaka, kiwi and kokako to Pukaha/Mt Bruce forest, New Zealand38-40Reintroduction News246translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Armstrong, D.P. Perrott, J.K.1995@Testing for food limitation following translocation, New Zealand9Reintroduction News10;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania?Armstrong, D.P.1995:Effects of familiarity in bird translocations, New Zealand9Reintroduction News10Utranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania?Armstrong, D.P.1998AComments on reintroduction by Australasia/Marsupial section chair14-16Reintroduction News15$translocation reintroduction Oceania?*Armstrong, D.P. Castro, I. Griffiths, R.G.2007qUsing adaptive management to determine requirements of reintroduced populations: the case of the New Zealand hihi953-962Journal of Applied Ecology445;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceaniaobtain distributions of population projection for populations under different management regimes by manipulating management over time and space?*Binks, R.M. Kennington, W.J. Johnson, M.S.2007Rapid evolutionary responses in a translocated population of intertidal snail (Bembicium vittatum) utilise variation from different source populations 1421-1429Conservation Genetics86-translocation invertebrates Australia Oceaniastudies pop of W. Australian littorine snails created by translocation from 3 source pops, & concludes that genetic variation introduced maintained over 12 years and used to adapt to local conditions? Bishop, P.2005pReintroduction of endangered frogs to uninhabited predator-free islands in the Marlborough Sounds of New Zealand44-45Reintroduction News246translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand Oceania?Blumstein, D.T2007HDarwinian decision-making: putting the adaptive into adaptive management552-553Conservation Biology210translocation reintroduction adaptive management?Boyd, S. Castro, I.2000MTranslocation history of hihi (stitchbird), an endemic New Zealand honeyeater28-30Reintroduction News19;translocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania?Brandle, R. Copely, P.1994!New homes for house-building rats6Reintroduction News86translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania ?Briskie, J.V. Mackintosh, M.2004KHatching failure increases with severity of population bottlenecks in birds558-5613Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA1012?translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania geneticsv?k!Butler, H. Malone, B. Clemann, N.2005Activity patterns and habitat preferences of translocated and resident tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) in a suburban landscape157-163Wildlife Research322&translocation snakes Australia Oceaniae?j!Butler, H. Malone, B. Clemann, N.2005oThe effects of translocation on the spatial ecology of tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) in a suburban landscape165-171Wildlife Research322&translocation snakes Australia Oceania?Colbourne, R. Robertson, H.2000IThe history of translocations and re-introductions of kiwi in New Zealand47-49Reintroduction News196translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Danks, A20008A review of noisy scrub-bird re-introductions, Australia36-38Reintroduction News194translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania?Dimond, W.J. Armstrong, D.P.2007bAdaptive harvesting of source populations for translocation: a case study using New Zealand robins114-124Conservation Biology21^translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania population modellinguses harvest as a manipulation of density to model population regulation, and projects population trajectories as a function of future possible harvest regimesM?&Ebner, B.C. Thiem, J.D. Lintermans, M.2007zFate of 2 year-old, hatchery-reared trout cod Maccullochella macquariensis (Percichthyidae) stocked into two upland rivers182-199Journal of Fish Biology7113translocation reintroduction fish Australia Oceania/includes data on radio-tagged reintroduced fish?Ewen, J.G. Armstrong, D.P.2007JStrategic monitoring of reintroductions in ecological restoration programs401-409 Ecoscience144^translocation reintroduction restoration birds hihi New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania pdf?>Ewen, J.G. Thorogood, R. Nicol, C. Armstrong, D.P. Alley, M.R.2007+Salmonella Typhimurium in Hihi, New Zealand788-790Emerging Infectious Diseases13Ctranslocation reintroduction birds hihi New Zealand Oceania diseasedescribes salmonella outbreak that caused 2006 translocation of hihi to Ark in the Park to the cancelled, and estimates proportion of hihi killed7?Flannagan, H.J2000Conservation biology of the goldstripe gecko (Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus) and interactions with Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) on Mana Island, Cook Strait, New ZealandMassey University8translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand Oceania MSc thesisXincludes cage trials assessing possible impact of reintroduced Duvaucel's on goldstripes?jAGartrell, B.D. Jillings, E. Adlington, B.A. Mack, H. Nelson, N.J.2006hHealth screening for a translocation of captive-reared tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) to an island refuge344-349New Zealand Veterinary Journal546@translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand Oceania disease@? j Gasson, P.A.2005\Translocation of great spotted kiwi/roa (Apteryx haastii) to Rotoiti Nature Recovery ProjectOccasional Publication67:Department of Conservation, Nelson/Marlborough Conservancy6translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Gaze, P.1999LTranslocation of the Maud Island frog in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand9-10Reintroduction News176translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand Oceania=?j Germano, J.2006OResponses of the Maud Island frog, Leiopelma pakeka, to artificial displacementUniversity of Otago6translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand Oceania MSc thesis? Greaves, G.2007MSpecies re-introduction as a tool for the conservation of takahe, New Zealand16-17Reintroduction News266translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania? ANPC Translocation Working Group1997BGuidelines for the Translocation of Threatened Plants in AustraliaCanberra)Australian Network for Plant Conservation5translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?j1Guilbert, J.M. Walker, M.M. Greif, S. Parsons, S.2007|Evidence of homing following translocation of long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) at Grand Canyon Cave, New Zealand239-246New Zealand Journal of Zoology343Btranslocation reintroduction mammals New Zealand Oceania dispersal?'Hutton, I. Parkes, J.P. Sinclair, A.R.E2007<Reassembling island ecosystems: the case of Lord Howe Island22-29Animal Conservation101:translocation reintroduction restoration Australia Oceania?James, A.I. Eldridge, D.J.2007yReintroduction of fossorial native mammals and potential impacts on ecosystem processes in an Australian desert landscape351-359Biological Conservation1383-4Btranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania restorationcompares effect on surface soils of  greater bilbies and burrowing bettongs reintroduced to a reserve compared to that of rabbits and sand goannas?"Jamieson, I.G. Lee, W. Maxwell, J.2000XFifty years of conservation management and re-introductions of the takahe in New Zealand30-32Reintroduction News196translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceanian?7Jamieson, I.G. Tracy, L.N. Fletcher, D. Armstrong, D.P.2007RModerate inbreeding depression in a reintroduced population of North Island robins95-102Animal Conservation10Rtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand robins New Zealand Oceania geneticsQreduction in juvenile survival in robins produced by matings with close relatives? Jusaitis, M.1996`Experimental translocations of endangered Phebalium spp (Rutaceae) in South Australia: an update7-8Reintroduction News125translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?Jusaitis, M. Val, J.1997VHerbivore grazing: an important consideration in plant translocations, South Australia11-12Reintroduction News135translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?Jusaitis, M Val, J1997bSuccess of plant translocations can be improved by optimising choice of propagule, South Australia10-11Reintroduction News135translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?Langford, D. Burbidge, A.A.2001hTranslocation of mala from the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory to Trimouille Island, Western Australia37-46Australian Mammalogy23'translocation mammals Australia Oceania? Lapidge, S2002gReintroduction biology of Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus celeris and P. x. xanthopusUniversity of SydneyAtranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania physiology PhD thesis?j<Leech, T.J. Craig, E. Beaven, B. Mitchell, D.K. Seddon, P.J.2007Reintroduction of rifleman Acanthisitta chloris to Ulva Island, New Zealand: evaluation of techniques and population persistence369-375Oryx413Ktranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania population modellingp?j Lettink, M.2007Detectability, movements and apparent lack of homing in Hoplocactylus maculatus (Reptilia : Diplodactylidae) following translocation111-116New Zealand Journal of Ecology31)translocation lizards New Zealand Oceania?Maloney, R. Murray, D.20005Summary of kaki (black stilt) releases in New Zealand25-28Reintroduction News196translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?9Mathews, F. Moro, D. Strachan, R. Gelling, M. Buller, N.2006/Health surveillance in wildlife reintroductions 338–347Biological Conservation131$translocation reintroduction disease?McClelland, P.20008Re-introduction of the Campbell Island teal, New Zealand24-25Reintroduction News196translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania? McClelland, P20078Re-introduction of the Campbell Island Teal, New Zealand19-21Reintroduction News266translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceaniac?k:Melville, J. Goebel, S. Starr, C. Keogh, J.S. Austin, J.J.2007}Conservation genetics and species status of an endangered Australian dragon, Tympanocryptis pinguicolla (Reptilia : Agamidae)185-195Conservation Genetics810translocation lizards Australia Oceania geneticsstudy due to suggestion that individuals should be translocated between these populations maintain genetic diversity, and concludes inappropriate strategy since haplotype divergence at least 1.5 myai?jMiskelly, C.M. Taylor, G.A.2004vEstablishment of a colony of Common Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) by chick transfers and acoustic attraction205-211Emu10436translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Moro, D.1996GThevenard Island mouse: translocation to Serrurier Island, W. Australia21-22Reintroduction News12'translocation mammals Australia Oceania? O'Connor, S20005Re-introducing shore plover to "mainland" New Zealand41-44Reintroduction News196translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Owen, K.1999RReintroduction of northern tuatara to Moutohora Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand16-18Reintroduction News178translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand Oceania?Parrish, R. Stringer, I.2007^Translocation of snails, beetles and weevils to Lady Alice, Hen & Chicken Islands, New Zealand12-14Reintroduction News26>translocation reintroduction invertebrates New Zealand Oceania?:Pizzuto, T.A. Finlayson, G.R. Crowther, M.S. Dickman, C.R.2007Microhabitat use by the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) and burrowing bettong (B. lesueur) in semiarid New South Wales: implications for reintroduction programs271-279Wildlife Research3446translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceaniastudy movements of reintroduced bettongs with spool-and-line tracking in relation to vegetation structure etc and uses to make recommendation for future reintroduction sites?l!Powell, M. Accad, A. Shapcott, A.2004Geographic information system (GIS) predictions of past, present habitat distribution and areas for re-introduction of the endangered subtropical rainforest shrub Triunia robusta (Proteaceae) from south-east Queensland Australia165-175Biological Conservation12325translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?j#Priddel, D. Carlile, N. Wheeler, R.2006Establishment of a new breeding colony of Gould's petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera) through the creation of artificial nesting habitat and the translocation of nestlings553-563Biological Conservation12844translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania?Reed, C.1995;Release of captive-reared stilts into the wild, New Zealand5-6Reintroduction News11Gtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania captive breedingF?/Reynolds, M.H. Breeden Jnr, J.H Klavitter, J.L.2007TTranslocation of wild Laysan Teal from Laysan Island to Midway Atoll: project updateWildfowl571translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania? Richards, J2007`Twelve years of mammal re-introductions and introductions by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy43-45Reintroduction News266translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceaniao?j%Robertson, H.A. Karika, I. Saul, E.K.2006VTranslocation of Rarotonga Monarchs Pomarea dimidiata within the Southern Cook Islands197-215Bird Conservation International1637translocation reintroduction birds Cook Islands Oceaniau?jVRobertson, B.C. Steeves, T.E. McBride, K.P. Goldstien, S.J. Williams, M. Gemmell, N.J.2007~Phylogeography of the New Zealand blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos): implications for translocation and species recovery 1431-1440Conservation Genetics860translocation birds New Zealand Oceania geneticsstudy structuring of mitochondrial sequences, and conclude that ducks should not be mixed between N. and S. Islands and the translocations should be restricted to neighbouring catchments ? Rosetto, M.2006Pre-reintroduction planning: assessing the suitability of plant material and planting sites in rainforest remnants of northern NSW Australia49-50Reintroduction News255translocation reintroduction plants Australia Oceania?j$Ruffell, J. Sedgeley, J. Parsons, S.2007The potential availability of roosting sites for lesser short-tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) on Kapiti Island, New Zealand: implications for a translocation219-226New Zealand Journal of Zoology3438translocation reintroduction mammals New Zealand Oceania?*Seddon, P.J. Armstrong, D.P. Maloney, R.F.20070Developing the science of reintroduction biology303-312Conservation Biology212translocation reintroduction? Shadbolt, A2006ERe-introduction of South Island fernbird in Christchurch, New Zealand44-45Reintroduction News256translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania? Sherley, G.1995*Invertebrate reintroduction in New Zealand8-9Reintroduction News10>translocation reintroduction invertebrates New Zealand oceania? Short, J.1994Burrowing bettong in Shark Bay7Reintroduction News86translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?l Sigg, D.P.2006Reduced genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation after translocation: comparison of the remnant and translocated populations of bridled nailtail wallabies (Onychogalea fraenata)577-589Conservation Genetics74?translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania genetics?Sims, C.2000AThe re-introduction of malleefowl to Shark Bay, Western Australia38-41Reintroduction News194translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania? Smales, I.1996GExperiments and success with release of helmeted honeyeaters, Australia3-5Reintroduction News124translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania?Smales, I et al20002Re-introduction of helmeted honeyeaters, Australia34-36Reintroduction News194translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania?Smales, I. et al20004Re-introduction of orange-bellied parrots, Australia32-34Reintroduction News194translocation reintroduction birds Australia Oceania?Soderquist, T.1993Phascogale in Australia6-7Reintroduction News66translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania?X9Souter, N.J. Bull, C.M. Lethbridge, M.R. Hutchinson, M.N.2007THabitat requirements of the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis33-45Biological Conservation13516translocation reintroduction lizards Australia Oceania@potential reintroduction site rejected based on habitat analysis ? Sullivan, W.2005Reintroduction of saddlebacks to Boundary Stream Mainland Island, New Zealand – returning a predator vulnerable species to the mainland36-38Reintroduction News246translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Swinnerton, K. Switzer, R.2007AHawaiian Maui parrotbill re-introduction: planning for the future23-25Reintroduction News261translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceaniaf?XTaylor, S.S. Jamieson, I.G.2007xFactors affecting the survival of founding individuals in translocated New Zealand Saddlebacks Philesturnus carunculatus783-791Ibis1494Btranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania?k Thorne, J.M.2007An experimental approach to the translocation of the North Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater) to Bushy Park, WanganuiMassey UniversityBtranslocation reintroduction birds saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania MSc thesis? Towns, D.1995HReintroduction of Whitaker's skink for island restoration in New Zealand3-4Reintroduction News11Dtranslocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand Oceania restoration? Towns, D.19990Reintroduction strategies for New Zealand skinks18-19Reintroduction News178translocation reintroduction lizards New Zealand Oceania"?(Trewenack, A.J. Landman, K.A. Bell, B.D.2007jDispersal and settling of translocated populations: a general study and a New Zealand amphibian case study575-604Journal of Mathematical Biology554@translocation reintroduction frogs New Zealand Oceania dispersalt?k.Tweed, E.J. Foster, J.T. Woodworth, B.L. et al2006rBreeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri)753-763Auk12331translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania? Ussher, G.T.1999ZRestoration of threatened species populations: tuatara rehabilitations and reintroductionsUniversity of Auckland8translocation reintroduction tuatara New Zealand Oceania PhD thesis? 6Van der Werf, E.A. Groombridge, J.J. Fretz, J.S. et al2006aDecision analysis to guide recovery of the po'ouli, a critically endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper383-392Biological Conservation12931translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii Oceania.? (van Heezik, Y. Lei, P. Maloney, R. et al2005Captive breeding for reintroduction: Influence of management practices and biological factors on survival of captive kaki (black stilt)459-474 Zoo Biology24Gtranslocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania captive breeding? Wood, R.2006RTranslocation and genetics of the giant Gippsland earthworm in Victoria, Australia6-7Reintroduction News25<translocation reintroduction invertebrates Australia Oceania?  Oppel, S.2000\Reintroduction of threatened bird species to the predator-free lowland forest of Ulva IslandDepartment of ConservationWtranslocation reintroduction New Zealand robins saddlebacks New Zealand Oceania reprint? jOwen, K.1998Removal and reintroduction of North Island weka (Gallirallus australis greyi) to Mokoia Island as a result of a Talon 7120 cereal-based aerial poison drop41-47Ecological Management66translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania@34 weka caught, and later released. Searched island for bodies.,?kRobinson, N.A.1995nImplications from mitochondrial DNA for management to conserve the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunii )114-125Conservation Biology9?translocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania geneticsUsed mtDNA to determine how captive breeding and reintroduction could be used to maintain genetic structure. Also decided that introduction of Tasmanian bandicoots wouldn't help mainland pop.?)Griffin, A.S. Blumstein, D.T. Evans, C.S.2000@Training captive-bred or translocated animals to avoid predators 1317-1326Conservation Biology145ptranslocation reintroduction mammals Australia Oceania behaviour and conservation anti-predator training reprintfAnimal reintroductions and translocations are potentially important interventions to save species from extinction, but most are unsuccessful. Mortality due to predation is a principal cause of failure. Animals that have been isolated from predators, either throughout their lifetime or over evolutionary time, may no longer express appropriate antipredator behavior. For this reason, conservation biologists are beginning to include antipredator training in pre-release preparation procedures. We describe the evolutionary and ontogenetic circumstances under which antipredator behavior may degenerate or be lost, and we use principles from learning theory to predict which elements can be enhanced or recovered by training. The empirical literature demonstrates that training can improve antipredator skills, but the effectiveness of such interventions is influenced by a number of constraints. We predict that it will be easier to teach animals to cope with predators if they have experienced ontogenetic isolation than if they have undergone evolutionary isolation. Similarly, animals should learn more easily if they have been evolutionarily isolated from some rather than all predators. Training to a novel predator may be more successful if a species has effective responses to similar predators. In contrast, it may be difficult to teach proper avoidance behavior, or to introduce specialized predator-specific responses, if appropriate motor patterns are not already present. We conclude that pre-release training has the potential to enhance the expression of preexisting antipredator behavior. Potential training techniques involve classical conditioning procedures in which animals learn that model predators are predictors of aversive events. However, wildlife managers should be aware that problems, such as the emergence of inappropriate responses, may arise during such training.~?/Hudson, Q.J. Wilkins, R.J. Waas, J.R. Hogg, I.D2000[Low genetic variability in small populations of New Zealand kokako Callaeas cinerea wilsoni105-112Biological Conservation96?translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania geneticsThe endangered kokako Callaeas cinerea wilsoni (Callaeidae), an endemic forest-dwelling passerine of New Zealand, has declined over the last century to a number of small isolated populations due to widespread habitat clearance and predation by introduced predators. To evaluate the genetic consequences of inbreeding and genetic drift, we examined genetic variability within and among 3 of the major remaining kokako populations using 4 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The largest remaining kokako population in the Te Ureweras was shown to have greater variability than the smaller Mapara and Rotoehu populations. Differentiation among the populations was low to moderate. We suggest there is no genetic barrier to translocations between the populations and that translocations of some individuals between the remaining kokako populations could enhance genetic variability of small populations to levels found in larger populations (e.g. Te Ureweras).?l2Imber, M.J. McFadden, I. Bell, E.A. Scofield, R.P.2003Post-fledging migration, age of first return and recruitment, and results of inter-colony translocation of black petrels (Procellaria parkinsoni)183-190Notornis5046translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania?Lalutis, L.L. Marzluff, J.M.1999>The appropriateness of puppet-rearing birds for reintroduction584-591Conservation Biology13Btranslocation reintroduction birds captive breeding Hawaii OceaniaUsed common ravens as surrogates for Hawaiian crow, and experiment compared puppet-reared vs hand-reared. No effect on social behaviour before or after release, or dispersal, but puppet-reared birds more fearful or keepers.?gPople, A.R. Lowry, J. Lundie-Jenkins, G. Clancy, T.F. McCallum, H.I. Sigg, D. Hoolihan, D. Hamilton, S.2001sDemography of bridled nailtail wallabies translocated to the edge of their former range from captive and wild stock285-299Biological Conservation10236translocation reintroduction mammals Australia OceaniaDespite numerous, generally unsuccessful attempts to reintroduce threatened Australian mammals, the factors leading to their failure have not been fully clarified, although predator control would appear to be of paramount importance. An experimental approach was taken in attempting to establish a population of bridled nailtail wallabies in an area of apparently suitable habitat and low fox density, but on the edge of the species' former range. The 133 wallabies released since late 1996 comprised four groups: captive-bred animals, wild caught from the single remaining wild population, animals that were captive bred and acclimatised at the translocation site in a 10 ha predator-proof enclosure, and animals which had been bred in the enclosure. Survival was highest in those bred in the enclosure and highly variable among captive-bred animals. Survival estimates for wild recruits suggested the population would maintain a positive rate of increase under prevailing environmental conditions. Spotlighting surveys suggested the population had increased to approximately 400 animals by late 1999. Above average rainfall during 1996-1999 and no apparent predation suggests caution in describing the translocation as a success. Ongoing monitoring is critical, because it is uncertain how the population will cope with drought and inevitable predation events, and whether the population will expand and persist outside of limited preferred habitat.?Reed, C. Stockdale, P.H.G.1994QDisease considerations in captive breeding and translocation of New Zealand birds??-??Ecological Management2>translocation reintroduction birds New Zealand Oceania diseaseN?'Robichaux, R.H. Friar, E.A. Mount, D.W.1997Moledular genetic consequences of a population bottleneck associated with reintroduction of the Mauna Kea silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense [Asteraceae]) 1140-1146Conservation Biology11;translocation reintroduction plants Hawaii Oceania geneticsROutplanting from single remnant pop starting in 1973. All plants in outplnated pop appear to be first- or subsequent-generation offspring of only two maternal founders. Genetic variation asessesed in original and outplanted pop. Eleven loci detectably polymorphic in original pop, whereas only 3 were detectably polymorphic in new pop.?X&Tocher, M.D. Fletcher, D. Bishop, P.J.2006rA modelling aproach to determine a translocation scenario for the endangered New Zealand frog Leiopelman hamiltoni97-106Herpetological Journal16[translocation reintroduction herpetofauna New Zealand Oceania population modelling reprint:?j_Groombridge, J.J. Massey, J.G. Bruch, J.C. Malcolm, T.R. Brosius, C.N. Okada, M.M. Sparklin, B.2004ZEvaluating stress in a Hawaiian honeycreeper, Paroreomyza montana, following translocation183-187Journal of Field Ornithology751translocation reintroduction birds Hawaii OceaniaWe used differential counts of white blood cells to determine heterophil:lymphocyte ratios in the Maui Creeper (Paroreomyza montana), an endemic, non-endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, as a measure of stress in response to varying distance and handling technique during translocations. The Maui Creeper was used as an in situ experimental model for the Po’ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), an endangered species for whom translocation is critical for its recovery. We translocated 18 Maui Creepers across rugged terrain by hand-carrying individual birds for two distances (1.0 or 2.5 km) inside portable containers. We tested two methods of confinement that varied in the degree of physical restraint during translocation. Birds translocated across longer distances developed significantly higher heterophil:lymphocyte ratios than those moved shorter distances. However, no significant difference was seen between container types. Our findings build on a previous study of stress response in passerines, and indicate that using heterophil:lymphocyte ratios to measure stress may be a valuable tool for evaluating management practices for other critically endangered passerines.}?Armstrong, D. P. Seddon, P. J.2008$Directions in reintroduction biology20-25Trends in Ecology & Evolution231reintroduction translocationJanReintroductions are attempts to return species to parts of their historical ranges where they were extirpated, and might involve release of either captive-bred or wild-caught individuals. The poor success rate of reintroductions worldwide has led to frequent calls for greater monitoring, and since 1990 there has been an exponential increase in the number of peer-reviewed publications related to reintroduction. However, these publications have largely been descriptive accounts or have addressed questions retrospectively based on the available data. Here, we advocate a more strategic approach where research and monitoring targets questions that are identified a priori. We propose ten key questions for reintroduction biology, with different questions focusing at the population, metapopulation and ecosystem level. We explain the conceptual framework behind each question, provide suggestions for the best methods to address them, and identify links with the related disciplines of restoration ecology and invasion biology. We conclude by showing how the framework of questions can be used to encourage a more integrated approach to reintroduction biology.://000252767300006 0169-5347ISI:00025276730000610.1016/j.tree.2007.10.003}?9Cassey, P. Blackburn, T. M. Duncan, R. P. Lockwood, J. L.2008rLessons from introductions of exotic species as a possible information source for managing translocations of birds193-201Wildlife Research353reintroduction translocationYIt has been previously suggested that the characteristics that are driving the taxonomic homogenisation of the global avifauna, through the extinction of native bird species and the establishment of exotic bird species, are opposite sides of the same coin. One of the most important tools that conservation biologists and wildlife managers have to ameliorate the extinction of a species is to reintroduce populations to stronghold areas from which they have been extirpated or were not previously common. In this paper, we address the question of what the study of exotic bird introductions can tell us to inform the translocation of native species. We review the relative importance of the five factors that have been suggested significantly to influence the successful establishment of non-native species: introduction effort, environmental matching, species' interactions, species' life histories, and phylogenetic relatedness. Current evidence suggests that introduction effort will be an important determinant of release, but how many individuals need to be released, and in how many separate release events, is contingent on characteristics of species and environment. The importance of climate matching for introduction success suggests that the success of translocations will depend greatly on the study and amelioration of the problem that caused the initial population decline. This is most problematic in situations where the decline is associated with human-induced climate change. Migratory and sexually selected species may be harder to re-establish, but related species may differ substantially in their likelihood of success. We suggest that further insights into the reintroduction process may be gained particularly by studying species that are experiencing a threat in their native range but which are also being widely released as exotics outside of this range.://000256045500004 1035-3712ISI:00025604550000410.1071/wr07109l}?QFinlayson, G. R. Vieira, E. M. Priddel, D. Wheeler, R. Bentley, J. Dickman, C. R.2008hMulti-scale patterns of habitat use by re-introduced mammals: A case study using medium-sized marsupials320-331Biological Conservation1411.reintroduction translocation Oceania AustraliaJanKnowledge of the habitat requirements of threatened species at both local and landscape scales is crucial for maintaining viable populations and for making conservation and management decisions. Here, we use live trapping and radio-tracking to investigate habitat use by four species of threatened marsupials - burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur), brush-tailed bettongs (B. penicillata), greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis), and bridled nailtail wallabies (Onychogalea fraenata). The study populations had been re-introduced to Scotia Sanctuary in western New South Wales, Australia, within a predator-proof area. All showed preferences for particular macrohabitats while resting by day, with M. lagotis and B. penicillata selecting Eucalyptus woodland with Triodia understorey and B. lesueur and O. fraenato selecting Eucalyptus woodland with shrubs. However, they showed no such partiality at night. Bettongia penicillata used areas with Triodia and litter but few herbs for shelter, while burrows of M. lagotis avoided shrubs. Habitat components that influenced trap captures were: crust cover and herb layer cover (negative) for B. penicillata, trees <5 in in height and number of shrubs (both negative) for B. lesueur, crust cover for M. lagotis, and crust cover and trees <5 in high for O. fraenata (both negative). There was also a negative association at this scale between B. penicillata and both B. lesueur and M. lagotis, suggesting the possibility of competition. our results support the idea that studies at multiple spatial scales are crucial to understand the habitat use and requirements of threatened fauna, and should therefore be incorporated into future re-introduction programs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000252206900032 0006-3207ISI:00025220690003210.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.008}?Grueber, C. E. Jamieson, I. G.2008zQuantifying and managing the loss of genetic variation in a free-ranging population of takahe through the use of pedigrees645-651Conservation Genetics930reintroduction translocation New Zealand OceaniaJun7Pedigree analysis has clear benefits for the genetic management of threatened populations through the evaluation of inbreeding, population structure and genetic diversity. The use of pedigrees is usually restricted to captive populations and few examples exist of their exclusive use in managing free-ranging populations. One such example is the management of the takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri), a highly endangered, flightless New Zealand rail at risk from introduced mammalian predators and habitat loss. During the 1980's and 90's, as part of the takahe recovery programme, birds were translocated from the sole remnant population in Fiordland to four offshore islands from which introduced predators had been eradicated. The subsequent "island" population, now numbering 83 and thought to be at carrying capacity, has been closely monitored since founding. Detailed breeding records allow us to analyse the island pedigree, which is up to 7 generations deep. Gene-drop analysis indicated that 7.5% of genetic diversity has been lost over the relatively short timeframe since founding (2.1 generations on average; total genetic founders = 31) due to both a failure to equalise founder representation early on and subsequent disproportionate breeding success (founder equivalents = 12.5; founder genome equivalents = 6.6). A high prevalence of close inbreeding will have also impacted on genetic diversity. Predictions from pedigree modelling suggest that 90% genetic diversity will be maintained for only 12 years, but by introducing a low level of immigration from the Fiordland population and permitting the population to grow, 90% GD could be maintained over the next 100 years. More generally, the results demonstrate the value of maintaining pedigrees for wild populations, especially in the years immediately after a translocation event.://000255191000014 1566-0621ISI:00025519100001410.1007/s10592-007-9390-3 }?@Michel, P. Dickinson, K. J. M. Barratt, B. I. P. Jamieson, I. G.2008xMulti-scale habitat models for reintroduced bird populations: a case study of South Island saddlebacks on Motuara Island18-33New Zealand Journal of Ecology3210reintroduction translocation New Zealand OceaniaUnderstanding resource selection by animals is important when considering habitat suitability at proposed release sites within threatened species recovery programmes. Multi-scale investigatory approaches are increasingly encouraged, as the patchy distribution of suitable habitats in fragmented landscapes often determines species presence and survival. Habitat models applied to a threatened New Zealand forest passerine, the South Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus), reintroduced to Ulva Island (Stewart Island) found that at landscape scale breeding pairs' preferences for sites near the coast were driven by micro-scale vegetation structure. We tested these results by examining models of breeding site selection by a reintroduced saddleback population on Motuara Island (Marlborough Sounds) at two scales: (1) micro-scale, for habitat characteristics that may drive breeding site selection, and (2) landscape scale, for variations in micro-scale habitat characteristics that may influence site colonisation in breeding pairs. Results indicated that birds on Motuara Island responded similarly to those on Ulva Island, i.e. birds primarily settled at the margins of coastal scrub and forest and later cohorts moved into larger stands of coastal forest where they established breeding territories. Plant species composition was also important in providing breeding saddleback pairs with adequate food supply and nesting support. However, Motuara Island birds differed in their partitioning of habitat use: preferred habitats were used for nesting while birds were foraging outside territorial boundaries or in shared sites. These differences may be explained because Motuara has a more homogeneous distribution of microscale habitats throughout the landscape and a highly bird-populated environment. These results show that resource distribution and abundance across the landscape needs to be accounted for in the modelling of density-bird-habitat relationships. In the search for future release sites, food (invertebrates and fruiting tree species) should be abundant close to available nesting sites, or evenly spread and available throughout the landscape.://000256895000003 0110-6465ISI:000256895000003}? Parker, K. A.2008gTranslocations: Providing outcomes for wildlife, resource managers, scientists, and the human community204-209Restoration Ecology162<reintroduction translocation New Zealand Oceania saddlebacksJun"The World Conservation Union (1987) defines a translocation as a release of animals with the intention of establishing, reestablishing, or augmenting an existing population. Despite frequent use as a tool for the management of threatened and endangered wildlife, the full benefits of translocations often go unrealized. In this article, I demonstrate how translocations can achieve outputs for conservation management, conservation science, and the wider human community, using North Island (NI) Saddleback or Tieke (Philesturnus rufusater) as an illustrative example. From a conservation management perspective, NI Saddleback have been salvaged from a relic population of less than 500 birds on 484-ha Hen Island to a metapopulation of approximately 6,000 birds on 13 offshore islands and at two mainland New Zealand sites. These translocations have reduced the risk of global extinction for this species and helped restore the ecosystems involved. All these translocations have occurred in the past 42 years from known source populations and with known numbers of birds released. The resulting replicated serial population bottlenecks provide numerous scientific opportunities for conservation and biological research. Although the first Saddleback translocations were to reserves closed to the public, subsequent translocations have been to open reserves, providing the wider human community with an opportunity to see and be actively involved in the management of a threatened endemic species. This has raised the profile of both NI Saddleback and other species and has provided wider community conservation benefits. These three outputs illustrate the value of translocations for resource management and conservation science and for increasing community interest, participation, and investment in biological conservation.://000256139400002 1061-2971ISI:000256139400002 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00388.x}?JReynolds, M. H. Seavy, N. E. Vekasy, M. S. Klavitter, J. L. Laniawe, L. P.2008ITranslocation and early post-release demography of endangered Laysan teal160-168Animal Conservation112+reintroduction translocation Hawaii OceaniaApr_In an attempt to reduce the high extinction risk inherent to small island populations, we translocated wild Laysan teal Anas laysanensis to a portion of its presumed prehistoric range. Most avian translocations lack the strategic post-release monitoring needed to assess early population establishment or failure. Therefore, we monitored the survival and reproduction of all founders, and their first-generation offspring using radio telemetry for 2 years after the first release. Forty-two Laysan teal were sourced directly from the only extant population on Laysan Island and transported 2 days by ship to Midway Atoll. All birds survived the translocation with nutritional and veterinary support, and spent between 4 and 14 days in captivity. Post-release survival of 42 founders was 0.857 (95% CI 0.86-0.99) during 2004-2006 or annualized 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-0.98). Seventeen of 18 founding hens attempted nesting in the first two breeding seasons. Fledgling success was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55-0.60) in 2005 and 0.63 (95% CI 0.62-0.64) in 2006. The effective founding female population (N-e) was 13. We applied these initial demographic rates to model population growth. The nascent population size increased to > 100 after only 2 years post-release (lambda=1.73). If this growth rate continues, the size of the Midway population could surpass the source population before 2010.://000254498700011 1367-9430ISI:000254498700011y}?Smith, S. Hughes, J.2008Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation defines island genetic reservoirs for reintroductions of an endangered Australian marsupial, Perameles bougainville547-557Conservation Genetics937reintroduction translocation Australia Oceania geneticsJunNatural populations of the endangered western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) now exist on only two islands in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Our aim was to investigate genetic diversity in natural, reintroduced, and captive populations of the bandicoots and to assess the extent of divergence between the populations. The contemporary isolation of the natural populations has resulted in heterogeneity of allele frequency between the islands, which has acted to maintain a higher combined diversity than would be expected from either population on its own. These findings highlight how remnant island populations can act as genetic reservoirs to maximize diversity for reintroductions into a species former range. Although diversity is high between island populations, diversity within populations, based on six microsatellite loci, are amongst the lowest ever recorded for populations of marsupials. The mtDNA sequence data indicate that the two remaining natural populations show only minor divergence from each other, with the five haplotypes separated by just single base pairs. The reintroduced population and captive colonies show evidence for the loss of diversity related to genetic drift operating on small isolated populations.://000255191000005 1566-0621ISI:00025519100000510.1007/s10592-007-9368-1? Stringer, I.A.N. Chappell, R.2008kPossible rescue from extinction: transfer of a rare New Zealand tusked weta to islands in the Mercury group 371–382Journal of Insect Conservation120reintroduction translocation New Zealand Oceania}?!Taylor, S. S. Jamieson, I. G.2008No evidence for loss of genetic variation following sequential translocations in extant populations of a genetically depauperate species545-556Molecular Ecology1729reintroduction translocation New Zealand Oceania geneticsJanNRepeated population bottlenecks can lead to loss of genetic variation and normally should be avoided in threatened species to preserve evolutionary potential. We examined the effect of repeated bottlenecks, in the form of sequential translocations, on loss of genetic variation in a threatened passerine, the saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus), a species that has recovered from a remnant population with historically low levels of genetic variation. Although a slight but nonsignificant loss of alleles may have occurred between the first-order translocation and the extirpated source population, first-, second-, and third-order translocated populations had very similar levels of genetic variation to each other. The most obvious difference among the seven island populations appeared to lie in allele frequencies with little or no loss of alleles among extant populations. Although sequential translocations are known to cause loss of variation in genetically diverse species, our study indicates that genetically depauperate species may be less sensitive to loss of genetic variation through founder events presumably because the few remaining alleles are well represented in founding individuals. These results show that ancient bottlenecks may have a long-term effect on genetic variation, to the extent that contemporary population bottlenecks may leave no appreciable genetic signature. Our results suggest that subjecting genetically depauperate endangered species to sequential translocations could be used to rapidly establish new populations without further eroding genetic variation.://000252398300006 0962-1083ISI:000252398300006 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03591.x}?"6Watts, C. Stringer, I. Sherley, G. Gibbs, G. Green, C.2008History of weta (Orthoptera : Anostostomatidae) translocation in New Zealand: lessons learned, islands as sanctuaries and the future359-370Journal of Insect Conservation123-40reintroduction translocation New Zealand OceaniaJul8Establishing new populations by transferring founder individuals from source populations has been effective for managing the recovery of many threatened species including some weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) in New Zealand. These large-bodied flightless insects are 'flagship species' for insect conservation in New Zealand and many are rare or threatened. The declining abundance of most weta species, particularly giant weta, can be attributed to the introduction of mammalian predators, habitat destruction, and habitat modification by introduced mammalian browsers. New populations of some weta have been established in locations, particularly on islands, where these threats have been eliminated or severely reduced in order to reduce the risk of extinction. Some populations were established to provide food for endemic vertebrates, ecosystem restoration and ready access for the general public. We illustrate how methods for both transferring weta and monitoring them have become more sophisticated by using a series of case studies. Other transfers of weta not included in the case studies are also summarised. We conclude by re-iterating the importance of documenting the transfer and post-release monitoring for all insect transfers, both for biogeographical reasons and to provide information to improve future transfers.://000256341000014 1366-638XISI:00025634100001410.1007/s10841-008-9154-5PKq9I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! H!H!H! (H! 3H! >H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! "H! -H!8H!idreference_typetext_stylesauthoryeartitlepagessecondary_titlevolumenumbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_publishedpublishersubsidiary_authoreditionkeywordstype_of_workdateabstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_authornotesisbncustom_1custom_2custom_3custom_4alternate_titleaccession_numbercall_numbershort_titlecustom_5custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationreprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaptioncustom_7electronic_resource_numberlink_to_pdftranslated_authortranslated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_noteslanguageaccess_datelast_modified_datePKC9Uf<<refs.MYDPKq9I/**brefs.FRMPKl`