School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences staff

Dr Tong Liu staff profile picture

Contact details +6492136145

Dr Tong Liu PhD, MInfSc

Lecturer

School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences

Professional

Contact details

  • Ph: +64 9 4140800-43145
    Location: 3.26, MS
    Campus: Albany

Qualifications

  • Doctor of Phiosophy - Massey University (2020)
  • Master of Information Sciences - Massey University (2005)

Research Outputs

Journal

Hu, R., Zhan, M., Gan, J., Li, L., Ye, F., & Liu, T. (2025). Resilient kernel-based unsupervised multi-view feature selection via compact binary hashing. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 162
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Liu, T., McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Watters, P., & Halgamuge, MN. (2025). Modeling the Chaotic Semantic States of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Quantum Mechanics Analogy Approach. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology. 16(6), Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3757927
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Arachchilage, N., Liu, T., Xu, D., Watters, P., . . . Halgamuge, MN. (2025). Inadequacies of Large Language Model Benchmarks in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence.
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
15
McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Xu, D., Liu, D., . . . Halgamuge, MN. (2025). From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q* (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape. Technologies. 13(2)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
7
McIntosh, T., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Xu, D., Watters, P., Liu, D., . . . Halgamuge, M. (2024). Ransomware Reloaded: Re-examining Its Trend, Research and Mitigation in the Era of Data Exfiltration. ACM Computing Surveys. 57(1)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
16

view more...

McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Xu, D., Liu, D., . . . Halgamuge, MN. (2024). From COBIT to ISO 42001: Evaluating cybersecurity frameworks for opportunities, risks, and regulatory compliance in commercializing large language models. Computers and Security. 144
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
28
McIntosh, TR., Liu, T., Susnjak, T., Watters, P., & Halgamuge, MN. (2024). A Reasoning and Value Alignment Test to Assess Advanced GPT Reasoning. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems. 14(3)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
12
Mcintosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Ng, A., & Halgamuge, MN. (2024). A Game-Theoretic Approach to Containing Artificial General Intelligence: Insights From Highly Autonomous Aggressive Malware. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. 5(12), 6290-6303
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
13
Mcintosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., & Halgamuge, MN. (2024). The Inadequacy of Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback - Radicalizing Large Language Models via Semantic Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. 16(4), 1561-1574
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
24
McIntosh, TR., Liu, T., Susnjak, T., Watters, P., Ng, A., & Halgamuge, MN. (2024). A Culturally Sensitive Test to Evaluate Nuanced GPT Hallucination. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. 5(6), 2739-2751
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
41
Liu, T., Liu, F., Wan, Y., Hu, R., Zhu, Y., & Li, L. (2024). Hierarchical graph learning with convolutional network for brain disease prediction. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 83(15), 46161-46179
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
2
McIntosh, T., Liu, T., Susnjak, T., Alavizadeh, H., Ng, A., Nowrozy, R., . . . Watters, P. (2023). Harnessing GPT-4 for generation of cybersecurity GRC policies: A focus on ransomware attack mitigation. Computers and Security. 134
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
45
Liu, T., Hu, R., & Zhu, Y. (2023). Completed sample correlations and feature dependency-based unsupervised feature selection. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 82(10), 15305-15326
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
10
Xu, W., Jang-Jaccard, J., Liu, T., Sabrina, F., & Kwak, J. (2022). Improved Bidirectional GAN-Based Approach for Network Intrusion Detection Using One-Class Classifier. Computers. 11(6)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
32
Liu, T., Sabrina, F., Jang-Jaccard, J., Xu, W., & Wei, Y. (2022). Artificial intelligence-enabled ddos detection for blockchain-based smart transport systems. Sensors. 22(1)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
45
Hu, R., Gan, J., Zhu, X., Liu, T., & Shi, X. (2022). Multi-task multi-modality SVM for early COVID-19 Diagnosis using chest CT data. Information Processing and Management. 59(1)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
45
Gan, J., Liu, T., Li, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Non-negative Matrix Factorization: A Survey. Computer Journal. 64(7), 1080-1092
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
62
1
Li, L., Zhao, K., Gan, J., Cai, S., Liu, T., Mu, H., . . . Sun, R. (2021). Robust Adaptive Semi-supervised Classification Method based on Dynamic Graph and Self-paced Learning. Information Processing and Management. 58(1)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
22
2
Zhu, J., Jang-Jaccard, J., Liu, T., & Zhou, J. (2021). Joint Spectral Clustering based on Optimal Graph and Feature Selection. Neural Processing Letters. 53(1), 257-273
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
18
2
Yang, G., Jiang, Y., Liu, T., Zhao, X., Chang, X., & Qiu, Z. (2020). A Semi-automatic Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia on X-Ray Films. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 7
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
5
Liu, T., & Martin, G. (2020). K-Initialization-Similarity Clustering Algorithm. IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin. 20(1), 9-16 Retrieved from https://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~cib/2020/Article1.pdf
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Martin, G.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Li, L., Zhao, K., Sun, R., Gan, J., Yuan, G., & Liu, T. (2020). Parameter-Free Extreme Learning Machine for Imbalanced Classification. Neural Processing Letters. 52(3), 1927-1944
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
5
1
Liu, T., Martin, G., Zhu, YX., Peng, L., & Li, L. (2020). Joint Robust Multi-view Spectral Clustering. Neural Processing Letters. 52(3), 1843-1862
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Martin, G.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
3
Liu, T., & Martin, G. (2020). Joint Feature Selection with Dynamic Spectral Clustering. Neural Processing Letters. 52(3), 1745-1763
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Martin, G.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
2
Liu, T., Li, H., & Zhao, X. (2019). Clustering by Search in Descending Order and Automatic Find of Density Peaks. IEEE Access. 7, 133772-133780
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
21
Zhou, J., Liu, T., & Zhu, J. (2019). Weighted adjacent matrix for K-means clustering. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 78(23), 33415-33434
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
8
1
Liu, T., Zhu, J., Zhou, J., Zhu, YX., & Zhu, X. (2019). Initialization-similarity clustering algorithm. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 78(23), 33279-33296
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
9
Liu, T., Mathrani, A., & Mbachu, J. (2019). Benefits and barriers in uptake of mobile apps in New Zealand construction industry : What top and middle management perceive. Facilities. 37(5-6), 254-265
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Mathrani, A.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
23
Liu, T., Mbachu, J., Mathrani, A., Jones, B., & McDonald, B. (2017). The perceived benefits of apps by construction professionals in New Zealand. Buildings. 7(4)
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T., Mathrani, A.
Read article at Massey Research Online: MRO icon
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
22
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2009). Channel e-mail: A sociotechnical response to spam. Computer. 42(7), 63-72
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2009). Channel e-mail: A sociotechnical response to spam. Computer. 42(7), 63-72
[Journal article]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
3

view less...

Book

Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2013). Politeness as a social computing requirement. In Examining the Concepts Issues and Implications of Internet Trolling. (pp. 88 - 104).
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
9
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2010). Etiquette-based sociotechnical design. In Human Computer Etiquette Cultural Expectations and the Design Implications They Place on Computers and Technology. (pp. 323 - 349).
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2009). Politeness in social computing requirement. In EJ. Szewczak (Ed.) Selected Readings on the Human Side of Information Technology. (pp. 425 - 442). Hershey, PA, United States: IGI Global
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2008). Politeness as a social computing requirement. In Selected Readings on the Human Side of Information Technology. (pp. 425 - 442).
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
3
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2008). Politeness as a social computing requirement. In Handbook of Conversation Design for Instructional Applications. (pp. 419 - 436).
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
3

view more...

Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2008). Politeness as a social computing requirement. In R. Luppicini (Ed.) Handbook of Conversation Design for Instructional Applications. (pp. 420 - 437). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Whitworth, B., de Moor, A., & Liu, T. (2006). Towards a theory of online social rights. In R. Meersman, Z. Tari, & P. Herrero (Eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops. (pp. 247 - 256). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Berlin
[Chapter]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon

view less...

Conference

Luo, Y., Liu, M., Wang, J., Yuan, C., & Liu, T. (2022). When Secure Data Sharing Meets Blockchain: Overview, Challenges and Future Prospects. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. (pp. 1 - 8).
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
2
Zhao, X., Su, W., Li, H., Liu, T., Kong, D., & Wang, G. (2020). AFS-DEA: An automatic feature selection platform for differential expression analysis. Proceedings 2020 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Bibm 2020. (pp. 236 - 239).
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Liu, T., Mbachu, J., & Mathrani, A. (2017). A preliminary investigation on the use of construction apps in New Zealand. Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Data Management, Analytics and Innovation (ICDMAI). (pp. 264 - 268). : 2017 International Conference on Data Management, Analytics and Innovation (ICDMAI)
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T., Mathrani, A.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Liu, T., Mbachu, J., & Mathrani, A.A preliminary investigation on use of construction apps in New Zealand. 2017 International Conference on Data Management Analytics and Innovation Icdmai 2017. (pp. 264 - 268).
[Conference]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
1
1
Liu, TONG., Mathrani, ANURADHA., & Mbachu, JASPER. (2016, December). Hunting the Popular Construction Apps. Presented at 3rd Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering 2016. Nadi, Fiji.
[Conference Oral Presentation]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon

view more...

Liu, T., Mathrani, A., & Mbachu, J. (2017). Hunting the Popular Construction Apps. Proceedings Asia Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering 2016 and Asia Pacific World Congress on Engineering 2016 Apwc on Cse Apwce 2016. (pp. 205 - 211).
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T., Mathrani, A.
Read Online: DOI icon
Read Abstract: abstract icon
8
Whitworth, B., & Liu, T. (2008). Online support for postgraduate thesis advisement: The research roadmap project. In S. Mann, & M. Lopez (Eds.) Proceedings of The 21st Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications 2008. (pp. 331 - 340).
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
Whitworth, B., De Moor, A., & Liu, T. (2006). Towards a theory of online social rights. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics. Vol. 4277 LNCS - I (pp. 247 - 256).
[Conference Paper in Published Proceedings]Authored by: Liu, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon
9

view less...

Other

Susnjak, T., Mcintosh, TR., Barczak, ALC., Reyes, NH., Liu, T., Watters, P., . . . Halgamuge, MN. (2025). Over the Edge of Chaos? Excess Complexity as a Roadblock to Artificial General Intelligence.
[Other]Authored by: Liu, T., Reyes, N., Susnjak, T.
Read Abstract: abstract icon

Uncategorised

McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Arachchilage, N., Liu, T., Xu, D., Watters, P., . . . Halgamuge, MN.FebruaryMayMcIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Arachchilage, N., Liu, T., Xu, D., Watters, P., . . . Halgamuge, MN.FebruaryNovemberNovember
[Preprint]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon
McIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Nowrozy, R., & Halgamuge, MN.FebruaryMayMcIntosh, TR., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Nowrozy, R., & Halgamuge, MN.FebruaryJanuaryJanuary
[Preprint]Authored by: Liu, T., Susnjak, T.
Read Online: DOI icon

Teaching and Supervision

Contact Supervisor

Summary of Doctoral Supervision

Position Current Completed
Co-supervisor 0 2

Completed Doctoral Supervision

Co-supervisor of:

  • 2023 - Wenlong Wang - Doctor of Philosophy
    Decision Markets Implementations for Human Forecasters and Multi-agent Learning Systems
  • 2022 - Rongyao Hu - Doctor of Philosophy
    Graph Learning and Its Applications

Page authorised by Web Content Manager
Last updated on Friday 16 May 2025